CH 2: Origins Of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk & Protective Factors Flashcards
Attachment Theory: (Babies need a bond with their parents/social environment. Emotional bond determines how the child will behave in their social relationships in life)
A theory that states infants have a strong need to establish close emotional bonds with significant others in their social environments. According to the theory, the nature of this emotional bond determines the quality of social relationships later in life.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Chronic neurobiological condition where the person has poor attention span, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Also shows the patterns of their behavior deficiency in interpersonal skills
Traditionally considered a chronic neurobiological condition characterized by developmentally poor attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. More contemporary perspectives see the behavioral pattern as a deficiency in interpersonal skills.
Authoritarian style: (The parenting style where the parents are strict and give the child little to no room to make their own decisions)
The approach to parenting that sets a very rigid structure on the family setting and allows little decision making by the child.
Conduct disorder (CD): *Behaviors that demonstrate destructive habits that include bullying, fighting, threats, animal cruelty, sexual assault, destroying property)
A diagnostic label used to identify children who demonstrate habitual misbehavior.
A cluster of behaviors characterized by persistent misbehavior, including:
-bullying, fighting,
-using or threatening weapon use on others,
-physical cruelty to people and animals,
-destruction of property,
- chronic deceitfulness,
-sexual assaults,
and serious violations of rules
Cumulative risk model: (Accumulation of risk factors that add up because of the absence of protector factors. Results in negative behavior, emotional, and cognitive outcomes)
Suggests that an accumulation of risk factors and insufficient protective factors lead to antisocial and criminal activity in children and adolescents.
Dynamic Cascade Model: (Risk factors that spill over to another level or domain because of the dynamic interplay. Ex: Child is an aggressor in 1st grade and does not do well in school. His intellectual, cognitive, emotional, self-emotional regulation, neurological development will be immature)
Both the accumulation of risk factors and their interaction lead to criminal activity, in the absence of protective factors.
“Developmental cascades refer to the idea that function in one area or level of a system can spread to another level or domain as a result of the dynamic interplay across levels and functional domains”
Developmental Pathways: (Antisocial & criminal behavior can be often traced back to the person’s childhood)
In the study of criminal behavior, these are the various tracks individuals follow that lead to antisocial behavior. Researchers began by identifying two pathways but have now found evidence of more.
Disruptive behavior disorders: (A person who constantly behaved defiant and violated of society’s norms)
A pattern that generally includes conduct disorder and oppositional disorder. Characterized by chronic violation of social norms and rights of others.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD): Rare psychological Diagnosis where the child has difficulty controlling their behaviors & emotions
A rare psychological diagnosis in which a child has difficulty controlling behavior and emotions.
Enmeshed style: (A parental styler where they are extremely in control of the child’s life and harshly punish for minor things. Their discipline is very inconsistent too)
A parental style in which the parent takes extraordinary control of the child’s life including imposing rigid rules and seeing even trivial, minor behaviors as problematic. Typically results in harsh punishment but inconsistent discipline. Opposite of lax style.
Language impairment: (The person has a speech/understanding language impairment. They usually are abused & neglected)
An absence, loss, or delay in normal speech and language development.
Lax style: (Parenting style that ignores the child’s antisocial/problematic behavior and doesn’t discipline either) OPPOSITE OF ENMESHED PARENTING STYLE
A parental style that does not respond sufficiently to problematic or antisocial behavior in children but rather allows it to occur without disciplinary action. Opposite of the enmeshed style and similar to the permissive.
Neglecting style: (Parenting Style where they are detached and emotionally/physically unavailable)
Style of parenting in which parents are detached and uninvolved in child’s activities.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): Diagnosis in a child where they have difficulty controlling their emotions
A rare psychological diagnosis in which a child has difficulty controlling behavior and emotions.
Parental Monitoring: Poor parental supervision leads to delinquency
Supervision by parents of their children’s activities. Poor parental monitoring is a strong risk factor for delinquency.
