CH2 PP3 Lecture Notes Origins Of Criminal Behavior Flashcards
The life course trajectory is with risk factors BUT may be countered by protective factors
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
▫ Personal characteristics or circumstances that
promote criminality and victimization
Protective Factors
• Protective Factors
▫ Personal characteristics or resources that guard against
criminalization and victimization
Predisposition
To have a trait before the fact
Negative Barrier
Ex: Removing a child away from the risk factor
TAKING IT AWAY
Positive Barrier
To include something to including something will prevent risk from the child
Ex: Getting the child into activities at school to keep them busy
Risk Factors: Situational Factors
**These could be from the event/ activity around the person
**-Family: The most impactful risk factor!!!!
What the environment is doing TO THE PERSON
-Psychological things
-Cognitive things
-Social: Deviant peers, bullying
-Learning, training, exposure
-Culture: Ex: A Hispanic household who is abusive. Abuse is “normal”
-Happenstance, Opportunistic, triangulated
Risk Factors: Predispositional
-1/3 of Criminals Have a hereditary Genes that explain why they become criminals
-Heritable, Genetic, Epiognetic
-Disease, trauma, toxins, teratogens
-Foundation, trait, proclivity
*Types of Risk Factors
- Predispositional Risk Factor: Heritable, genetic, disease, trauma, trait, Teratogens (malformation of the brain)
- Situational Risk Factor: Family, Cultural, Learning experience= Psychological, cognitive
- Social Risk Factor: Poverty, Peer Rejection, Horrible Day Care, No after school care
- Psychological: Cognitive, Low IQ, Mental Disoreders
“Criminal Pedophilia”-comes from genes (His study)
MEANS “OTHER LOVE”
Rape
Sex with animals
Pedophilia
IS NOT IN EXAM
*Teratogens: Chemicals
-IMPORTANT
Chemicals or substances that can interfere with the process of development while in the womb.
For Example: ALCOHOL, ARSENIC, RADIATION EXPOSURE
-It causes injuries/insult-means it is a malformation of the brain
Poverty is the most prevalent between criminals
The relationship between poverty and violence is not well understood, but it does exist
• Many other variables
▫ Inadequate schools
▫ Inequities in resources
▫ Discrimination, racism,
▫ Unsafe living conditions
▫ Unemployment
▫ Neighborhood violence
Cumulative Risk Model and Developmental Cascader
Risks add up:
Cumulative Situational: Abusive home, deviant peers, drugs, poverty, peer rejection (they become aggressive)
Developmental=Predispositional: Psychological Disorders, Hereditary
=ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
Peer Rejection
Makes the child more aggressive
-argumentative
-inattentive
-disruptive
-poor social skills
-THEY WANT TO BELONG AND BE ACCEPTED
-GANGS AND DEVIANT GROUPS ARE ROLE MODELS OF BEING DEVIANT
-IF FRIENDS ARE ANTISOCIAL, THE CHILD WILL BECOME ANTISOCIAL TOO
Risk Factors: Social Risks
Poverty,
Peer Rejection,
Horrible Day Care,
No after school care
Horrible Day Care
*School Experience: Early school failure is linked to antisocial development and delinquency. Reading achievement appears to play a prominent role in school failure.
-
Risk Factors: Psychological
=Difficulty of logic or reason
**LOW IQ: “Psychometric Intelligence”
Reduction consequences
Morality
Memorization
Learning
Language deficiency- Difficult communicating
**Mental Disorders:
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
ADHD
Mood Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Adjustment Disorder
Risk Factors: Psychological: MENTAL DISORDERS
Children Mental Disorders
Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Uncontrollable rage filled physical anger
ADHD: Inability to maintain focus for a specific type of task
Mood Disorder: Ex-Depression and anxiety, irritable anger
Adjustment Disorder
Psychosis Disorder: Having Hallucinations or Delusions (After puberty)
Acquired Psychosis: Ex-You do enough meth and you hallucinate/ psychosis
Adjustment Disorder: Extreme reactions to change. Ex-A child changes teacher when they start a new grade level, and that completely freaks them out.
Constant fear of being lost or ppl leaving them.
Conduct Disorder: Persistent misbehavior. Ex: Stealing, cruelty to others, fighting, lying.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder: IRRATIONAL NEED TO BE CONFRONTATIONAL WITH AUTHORITY FIGURES
Risk Factors: Psychological-Learning Disabilities
Learning Disabilities:
Depression and Anxiety
Conduct Disorder:
Persistent misbehavior. Ex: Stealing, cruelty to others, fighting, lying.
**2 Subtypes of Conduct Disorder **
1) Childhood Onset Type: Pattern begins prior to age 10. Prognosis is not good
2) Adolescent Onset Type: Absence of any pattern prior to age 10. Prognosis is good.
Baumrind’s PARENTING STYLE*
1) Authoritarian: Child has no decision making and the parent is very harsh with discipline.
2) Permissive: No control and few restrictions (SUPER CHILL)
3) Authoritative: Rational parenting. Limits and are reasonable
4) Neglecting: Detached and unengaged in the child’s life
Parenting Style: Authoritarian
Child has no decision making and the parent is very harsh with discipline.
Parenting Style: Permissive
(TOO SUPER CHILL) No control and few restrictions
Parenting Style: Authoritative
Rational parenting. Limits and are reasonable
Parenting Style: Neglecting
Detached and unengaged in the child’s life
Parenting Style: Enmeshed definition
Enmeshed: Emotional abusive-A parent who uses the child with a lot of emotional coercive, gaslighting.
The parent wants to live their lives through the child
Parenting Style: Poor-LAX definition
Lack of discipline
Denial about antisocial behavior
Bowlby’s Attachment Theory-2 TYPES
SECURE ATTACHMENT: The child feels safe with their parent. They know they will come back.
2 INSECURE
-INSECURE ATTACHMENT: The child is anxious+ambivalent=The child freaks out when parent is separated.
-INSECURE ATTACHMENT: AVOIDANT: Doesn’t care if parent leaves or comes around.
Risk Factor: Psychological= Empathy & Communication
Affective & Cognitive
Affective: Means dealing w/emotions or feelings
Ability to EXPERIENCE another person’s emotions
“Someone cries because of a loss and you cry too”
Cognitive:
Ability to UNDERSTAND another’s emotions
“I can see why you see it like that”
Effective: Suitable for the purpose for which it us designed
