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Psychology Of Criminality > CH2 PP3 Lecture Notes Origins Of Criminal Behavior > Flashcards

CH2 PP3 Lecture Notes Origins Of Criminal Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

The life course trajectory is with risk factors BUT may be countered by protective factors

A
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2
Q

Risk Factors

A

Risk Factors
▫ Personal characteristics or circumstances that
promote criminality and victimization

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3
Q

Protective Factors

A

• Protective Factors
▫ Personal characteristics or resources that guard against
criminalization and victimization

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4
Q

Predisposition

A

To have a trait before the fact

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5
Q

Negative Barrier

A

Ex: Removing a child away from the risk factor
TAKING IT AWAY

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6
Q

Positive Barrier

A

To include something to including something will prevent risk from the child
Ex: Getting the child into activities at school to keep them busy

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7
Q

Risk Factors: Situational Factors

A

**These could be from the event/ activity around the person
**-Family: The most impactful risk factor!!!!

What the environment is doing TO THE PERSON
-Psychological things
-Cognitive things

-Social: Deviant peers, bullying
-Learning, training, exposure
-Culture: Ex: A Hispanic household who is abusive. Abuse is “normal”
-Happenstance, Opportunistic, triangulated

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8
Q

Risk Factors: Predispositional

A

-1/3 of Criminals Have a hereditary Genes that explain why they become criminals
-Heritable, Genetic, Epiognetic
-Disease, trauma, toxins, teratogens
-Foundation, trait, proclivity

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9
Q

*Types of Risk Factors

A
  1. Predispositional Risk Factor: Heritable, genetic, disease, trauma, trait, Teratogens (malformation of the brain)
  2. Situational Risk Factor: Family, Cultural, Learning experience= Psychological, cognitive
  3. Social Risk Factor: Poverty, Peer Rejection, Horrible Day Care, No after school care
  4. Psychological: Cognitive, Low IQ, Mental Disoreders
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10
Q

“Criminal Pedophilia”-comes from genes (His study)

A

MEANS “OTHER LOVE”

Rape
Sex with animals
Pedophilia
IS NOT IN EXAM

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11
Q

*Teratogens: Chemicals
-IMPORTANT

A

Chemicals or substances that can interfere with the process of development while in the womb.
For Example: ALCOHOL, ARSENIC, RADIATION EXPOSURE
-It causes injuries/insult-means it is a malformation of the brain

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12
Q

Poverty is the most prevalent between criminals

A

The relationship between poverty and violence is not well understood, but it does exist
• Many other variables
▫ Inadequate schools
▫ Inequities in resources
▫ Discrimination, racism,
▫ Unsafe living conditions
▫ Unemployment
▫ Neighborhood violence

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13
Q

Cumulative Risk Model and Developmental Cascader

A

Risks add up:
Cumulative Situational: Abusive home, deviant peers, drugs, poverty, peer rejection (they become aggressive)

Developmental=Predispositional: Psychological Disorders, Hereditary

=ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR

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14
Q

Peer Rejection

A

Makes the child more aggressive
-argumentative
-inattentive
-disruptive
-poor social skills

-THEY WANT TO BELONG AND BE ACCEPTED
-GANGS AND DEVIANT GROUPS ARE ROLE MODELS OF BEING DEVIANT
-IF FRIENDS ARE ANTISOCIAL, THE CHILD WILL BECOME ANTISOCIAL TOO

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15
Q

Risk Factors: Social Risks

A

Poverty,
Peer Rejection,
Horrible Day Care,
No after school care
Horrible Day Care
*School Experience: Early school failure is linked to antisocial development and delinquency. Reading achievement appears to play a prominent role in school failure.
-

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16
Q

Risk Factors: Psychological

A

=Difficulty of logic or reason
**LOW IQ: “Psychometric Intelligence”

Reduction consequences
Morality
Memorization
Learning
Language deficiency- Difficult communicating

**Mental Disorders:
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
ADHD
Mood Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Adjustment Disorder

17
Q

Risk Factors: Psychological: MENTAL DISORDERS

A

Children Mental Disorders
Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Uncontrollable rage filled physical anger
ADHD: Inability to maintain focus for a specific type of task
Mood Disorder: Ex-Depression and anxiety, irritable anger
Adjustment Disorder
Psychosis Disorder: Having Hallucinations or Delusions (After puberty)
Acquired Psychosis: Ex-You do enough meth and you hallucinate/ psychosis
Adjustment Disorder: Extreme reactions to change. Ex-A child changes teacher when they start a new grade level, and that completely freaks them out.
Constant fear of being lost or ppl leaving them.

Conduct Disorder: Persistent misbehavior. Ex: Stealing, cruelty to others, fighting, lying.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder: IRRATIONAL NEED TO BE CONFRONTATIONAL WITH AUTHORITY FIGURES

18
Q

Risk Factors: Psychological-Learning Disabilities

A

Learning Disabilities:
Depression and Anxiety

19
Q

Conduct Disorder:

A

Persistent misbehavior. Ex: Stealing, cruelty to others, fighting, lying.

**2 Subtypes of Conduct Disorder **
1) Childhood Onset Type: Pattern begins prior to age 10. Prognosis is not good
2) Adolescent Onset Type: Absence of any pattern prior to age 10. Prognosis is good.

20
Q

Baumrind’s PARENTING STYLE*

A

1) Authoritarian: Child has no decision making and the parent is very harsh with discipline.

2) Permissive: No control and few restrictions (SUPER CHILL)

3) Authoritative: Rational parenting. Limits and are reasonable

4) Neglecting: Detached and unengaged in the child’s life

21
Q

Parenting Style: Authoritarian

A

Child has no decision making and the parent is very harsh with discipline.

22
Q

Parenting Style: Permissive

A

(TOO SUPER CHILL) No control and few restrictions

23
Q

Parenting Style: Authoritative

A

Rational parenting. Limits and are reasonable

24
Q

Parenting Style: Neglecting

A

Detached and unengaged in the child’s life

25
Q

Parenting Style: Enmeshed definition

A

Enmeshed: Emotional abusive-A parent who uses the child with a lot of emotional coercive, gaslighting.
The parent wants to live their lives through the child

26
Q

Parenting Style: Poor-LAX definition

A

Lack of discipline
Denial about antisocial behavior

27
Q

Bowlby’s Attachment Theory-2 TYPES

A

SECURE ATTACHMENT: The child feels safe with their parent. They know they will come back.

2 INSECURE
-INSECURE ATTACHMENT: The child is anxious+ambivalent=The child freaks out when parent is separated.
-INSECURE ATTACHMENT: AVOIDANT: Doesn’t care if parent leaves or comes around.

28
Q

Risk Factor: Psychological= Empathy & Communication
Affective & Cognitive

A

Affective: Means dealing w/emotions or feelings
Ability to EXPERIENCE another person’s emotions
“Someone cries because of a loss and you cry too”

Cognitive:
Ability to UNDERSTAND another’s emotions
“I can see why you see it like that”

Effective: Suitable for the purpose for which it us designed

Psychology Of Criminality (19 decks)

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