Exam 1 Quizzes Review

Question 1

An approach to studying human development that examines ways in which individuals grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception to death is known as what type of development?

Answer 1

Lifespan human development

Question 2

Throughout the lifespan physical, cognitive, and socioemotional change illustrates the notion that development is ______.

Answer 2

Multidimensional

Question 3

According to research, which individual will likely show the greatest amount of plasticity following a brain injury?

Answer 3

Very young children

Question 4

T/F: individuals are active in their development

Answer 4

True

Question 5

A ____ is an organized set of observations to describe, explain, and predict a phenomenon.

Answer 5

Theory

Question 6

Baby Li is participating in a research study in which his physical growth is measured once a day. Li’s parents were surprised to find out that monthly measurements of height showed gradual increases, but daily measurements revealed growth spurts that sometimes lasted up to 24 hours. This example supports the assertion that physical growth is ______.

Answer 6

Both continuous and discontinuous

Question 7

T/F: watching school-age children play at recess and noting instances of aggressive behavior for later analysis is called naturalistic observation.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Professor Rivera plans a study that includes participants in the age ranges of: 6–12, 13–19, 20–40, and 50–70. All of her participants will be from an area that experienced a natural disaster, such as a deadly hurricane or earthquake. Professor Rivera will then look at symptoms of depression and anxiety in each of the age groups to draw conclusions about age-related differences in the processing of traumatic events. Which research design is best suited for this study?

Answer 8

Cross-sectional

Question 9

Levi has a fatal condition that causes the central nervous system to deteriorate, leading to significant declines in muscle coordination and cognition. He was unaware that he had the condition until his late thirties because he did not experience any symptoms earlier in his life. The condition Levi has is ______.

Answer 9

Huntington’s disease

Question 10

The prenatal organism from about the ninth week of pregnancy to delivery is called a _____.

Answer 10

Fetus

Question 11

Twin studies help estimate how much of a trait or behavior is attributable to ____

Adoption studies shed light on the extent to which attributes and behaviors are influenced by ____

Answer 11

Genes, environment

Question 12

______ is an intervention for low-birthweight babies in which the infant is placed vertically against the parent’s chest, under the shirt, providing skin-to-skin contact.

Answer 12

Kangaroo care

Question 13

Height, intelligence, temperament, and susceptibility to certain forms of cancer are examples of what type of traits?

Answer 13

Polygenic

Question 14

Which procedure can repair prenatal defects of the heart, lung, urinary tract and other areas?

Answer 14

Fetoscopy

Question 15

Which principle states that growth proceeds from the head downward?

Answer 15

Cephalocaudal

Question 16

The understanding that things continue to exist outside of sensory awareness is called ______.

Answer 16

Object permanence

Question 17

A researcher knows that an infant experienced dishabituation if the infant ______.

Answer 17

Notices that the picture of a face changed to a picture of a puppy

Question 18

Olivia is an infant taking part in the Strange Situation. She mostly ignores her mother during the task and does not cry when she leaves the room. When her mother comes back in the room, she ignores her mother and fails to greet her, even when her mother calls her name. When her mother tries to pick her up, she turns away. What attachment type is Olivia’s behavior consistent with?

Answer 18

Insecure-avoidant

Question 19

T/F: Paid maternity leave is associated with higher rates of breast-feeding.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

T/F: If synaptic pruning occurs in an infant’s or toddler’s brain, it signifies that the child has a significant cognitive deficit.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is a simple definition of intelligence?

Answer 21

Ability to adapt to the world

Question 22

The match between a child’s temperament and the parent’s temperament and child-rearing methods is called ______.

Answer 22

Goodness of fit

Question 23

Reese is a 6-month-old infant who has parents that are considered neglectful. They don’t change his diaper often enough, don’t attend to his medical needs, don’t hold him when he is upset, and don’t make sure he is fed on a regular basis. What would Erikson say that Reese will develop?

Answer 23

Mistrust

Question 24

Nutritional studies indicate that most children in developed nations ______.

Answer 24

eat enough calories but often fail to get enough vitamins or minerals

Question 25

In order for a toddler to be able to experience self-conscious emotions, they must be able to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Answer 25

engage in a social smile

Question 26

In early childhood, the greatest increases in cortical surface area is in which area?

Answer 26

frontal cortex

Question 27

Research that showed young children had structural brain changes over a period of 15 months after exposure to activities to build music and auditory skills illustrates which concept?

Answer 27

Plasticity

Question 28

Jessica asks her mother, “How do I put this on?” while she is in a different room than her mother. Because her mother cannot see what Jessica is doing, she asks Jessica what she is trying to put on. Jessica is demonstrating what type of reasoning typical of preschoolers?

Answer 28

Egocentrism

Question 29

Which term means the inability to take another person’s point of view?

Answer 29

Egocentrism

Question 30

A general emotional evaluation of one’s worth is called ______.

Answer 30

Self-esteem

Question 31

A typically developing preschool-age child can follow simple plans, such as searching for a lost toy in the backyard.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Which parenting style results in a parent most likely responding to a child’s question of, “Why?” with the answer, “Because I say so”?

Answer 32

Authoritarian

Question 33

Which stage does Piaget say children become able to use logic to solve problems but are still unable to apply logic to abstract and hypothetical situations?

Answer 33

Concrete operational stage of reasoning

Question 34

Children evaluate their characteristics, abilities, and performance in comparison with their ______.

Answer 34

Peers

Question 35

A characteristic of individuals with analytical intelligence is that they ______.

Answer 35

Learn easily and organize information well

Question 36

Children with low self-esteem tend to emphasize their weaknesses and downplay their ______.

Answer 36

Strengths

Question 37

A description of bilingual children is that they ______.

Answer 37

have a combined vocabulary equal to that of monolingual children

Question 38

Being disliked and shunned by fellow children is called ______.

Answer 38

Peer rejection

Question 39

A fine motor skill advancement that school age children make is the ability to ______.

Answer 39

Write letters and numbers

Question 40

What is a more important factor to a child’s outcome of divorce than the divorce itself?

Answer 40

Conflict between parents

Question 41

Which approach helps foster resilience in children?

Answer 41

Bolstering executive function skills