Exam 1 Quizzes Flashcards
The smallest independently functioning unit of an organism is a(n) ___________.
cell
The four “requirements for life” include:
1) three basic nutrients, 2) a narrow range of temperature, 3) a narrow range of atmospheric pressure, and 4) ________________.
oxygen
Which of the following is an example of a normal physiological process that involves a positive feedback loop?
a) regulation of fluid balance
b) homeostasis
c) parturition
d) temperature regulation
e) blood pressure regulation
c) parturition
Which of the following statements is/are true of Uracil? Choose all correct items.
a) Uracil is a pyrimidine
b) Uracil contains nitrogen
c) Uracil is found in RNA
d) Uracil is found in DNA
a) Uracil is a pyrimidine
b) Uracil contains nitrogen
c) Uracil is found in RNA
The ____________ system is confined to the thoracic region and regions cranial to the thorax, whereas the _____________ system is confined to the abdomino-pelvic cavity.
- respiratory
- urinary or renal or male reproductive
Which of the following may occur in a case of severe hyperventilation? Choose all correct items.
a) respiratory acidosis
b) respiratory alkalosis
c) loss of consciousness
d) low blood pH
e) metabolic alkalosis
b) respiratory alkalosis
c) loss of consciousness
Which type of feedback is critical to the process of homeostasis?
negative feedback
Belgian Blue (“double-muscled”) cattle have a genetic mutation that results in heavy muscling. The name of the mutated gene is _______________.
myostatin
Metabolism can result in net accretion (build-up) or net loss of tissue. Match the definition below to the correct term: net accretion or build-up of tissue mass
anabolism
Metabolism can result in net accretion (build-up) or net loss of tissue. Match the definition below to the correct term: net loss of tissue mass
catabolism
A collection of tissues that performs a specific function is an:
organ
Which of the following is/are true of KINASES?
a)kinases dephosphorylate target molecules
b) kinases are involved in second messenger signaling
c) kinases are proteins
d) kinases are enzymes
e) kinases phosphorylate target molecules
b) kinases are involved in second messenger signaling
c) kinases are proteins
d) kinases are enzymes
e) kinases phosphorylate target molecules
A laying hen mobilizes calcium from her skeleton to be used in forming egg shells. This is an example of:
homeorhesis
T/F: Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. They have very similar chemical properties but differ in mass. Some isotopes emit radiation while others do not.
True
Which of the following types of cell transport can NOT result in accumulation of a molecule AGAINST its concentration gradient? (i.e., cannot create a higher concentration inside the cell than outside). (Choose all correct)
a) Active transport
b) Facilitated transport
c) Diffusion
d) Osmosis
b) Facilitated transport
c) Diffusion
d) Osmosis
Which of the following is an example of TERTIARY structure of a protein?
a) Its amino acid sequence
b) Interaction/bonding between subunits to form a multi-subunit protein, such as hemoglobin
c) Assuming a helical conformation
d) Folding and bonding to form a globular conformation
d) Folding and bonding to form a globular conformation
Which of the following are LIPID components of cell membranes? Choose all
a) nucleosides
b) peripheral membrane protein
c) chondroitin sulfate
d) integral membrane protein
e) cholesterol
f) pyrimidine
g) phosphatidylethanolamine
h) glycoprotein
i) glycolipid
j) phospholipid
k) channel protein
l) cytosine
e) cholesterol
g) phosphatidylethanolamine
i) glycolipid
j) phospholipid
Which of the following are components of GROUND SUBSTANCE? Choose all
a) collagen
b) elastin
c) fibroblasts
d) glycoproteins
e) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
f) hemoglobin
g) monoacylglycerides
h) phosphatidylcholine
i) prostaglandins
j) proteoglycans
d) glycoproteins
e) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
j) proteoglycans
Which of the following is/are TRUE of the molecule shown below? (choose all)
a) it contains 16 carbons
b) it is a monoglyceride
c) it is polyunsaturated
d) it is a delta-9 fatty acid
e) it is an omega-9 fatty acid
d) it is a delta-9 fatty acid
e) it is an omega-9 fatty acid
In which of the following would you expect to find the greatest content of a compound like the one shown below?
connective tissue
Which of the following is/are a function(s) of the rough ER?
a) regulation of intracellular calcium concentration
b) production of proteins
c) site of translation
d) synthesis of steroid hormones
e) detoxification of certain substances
b) production of proteins
c) site of translation
Which of the following is/are organelles of the endomembrane system?
a) mitochondria
b) endoplasmic reticulum
c) lysosomes
d) Golgi apparatus
b) endoplasmic reticulum
c) lysosomes
d) Golgi apparatus
Which of the following organs is primarily responsible for detoxifying blood and therefore its cells have an exceptionally high number of peroxisomes?
liver
Which of the following is the correct component of the cytoskeleton shown in the figure below?
microfilaments
Consider a capillary in which hydrostatic pressure is +20 and colloid osmotic pressure is +10. Which of the following is/are likely to be true?
a) fluid leaves the capillary
b) small molecules, like glucose, leave the capillary
c) large plasma proteins remain in the capillary
d) red blood cells leave the capillary
a) fluid leaves the capillary
b) small molecules, like glucose, leave the capillary
c) large plasma proteins remain in the capillary
Ion pumps and phagocytosis are both examples of:
active transport
Because they are embedded within the membrane, ion channels are examples of:
integral proteins
Which of the following tumor suppressor genes is known as the “guardian of the genome”?
TP53
T/F: It is possible to reprogram human fibroblasts to become pluripotent stem cells by transfecting them with just four specific transcription factors
True
The genes p53, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are known as _____________________________ genes.
tumor suppressor
When a steroid hormone binds to its receptor that forms an activated receptor complex that migrates to the nucleus and acts as a _________________________________.
transcription factor
There are 4 major types of tissues. Which of them can form membranes?
a) nervous
b) connective
c) epithelial
d) muscle
b) connective
c) epithelial
The epithelium shown in the figure below would be classified or described as ____________________ epithelium.
stratified cuboidal
matching: desmosomes
a) oncogenes
b) exchange of ions
c) integrins
d) cadherin
e) pluripotent
f) blood:brain barrier
g) attach to actin
h) inner smooth muscle
i) microvilli
d) cadherin
matching: hemi-desmosomes
a) oncogenes
b) exchange of ions
c) integrins
d) cadherin
e) pluripotent
f) blood:brain barrier
g) attach to actin
h) inner smooth muscle
i) microvilli
c) integrins
matching: zonula adherens
a) oncogenes
b) exchange of ions
c) integrins
d) cadherin
e) pluripotent
f) blood:brain barrier
g) attach to actin
h) inner smooth muscle
i) microvilli
g) attach to actin
matching: tight junctions
a) oncogenes
b) exchange of ions
c) integrins
d) cadherin
e) pluripotent
f) blood:brain barrier
g) attach to actin
h) inner smooth muscle
i) microvilli
f) blood:brain barrier
matching: gap junctions
a) oncogenes
b) exchange of ions
c) integrins
d) cadherin
e) pluripotent
f) blood:brain barrier
g) attach to actin
h) inner smooth muscle
i) microvilli
b) exchange of ions
matching: zonula occludens
a) oncogenes
b) exchange of ions
c) integrins
d) cadherin
e) pluripotent
f) blood:brain barrier
g) attach to actin
h) inner smooth muscle
i) microvilli
f) blood:brain barrier
matching: attach epithelial cells to the ECM
a) oncogenes
b) exchange of ions
c) integrins
d) cadherin
e) pluripotent
f) blood:brain barrier
g) attach to actin
h) inner smooth muscle
i) microvilli
c) integrins
matching: iPS cells
a) oncogenes
b) exchange of ions
c) integrins
d) cadherin
e) pluripotent
f) blood:brain barrier
g) attach to actin
h) inner smooth muscle
i) microvilli
e) pluripotent
Cells that secrete mucus are _______________ cells.
goblet
Which of the cell(s) synthesize melanin?
melanocytes
There are 3 modes of secretion that can be used by a cell. The mode in which the entire cell is destroyed or sloughed off is ____________________ secretion.
holocrine
The 3 basic components of any connective tissue are __________, __________, and ____________.
cells, gels, and fibers
class of hormone: norepinephrine
amine hormone
class of hormone: oxytocin
peptide hormone
class of hormone: growth hormone
protein hormone
class of hormone: testosterone
steroid hormone
What type of tissue is characterized by presence of chondrocytes?
cartilage
There are three main types or categories of connective tissue. One type is Connective tissue proper, which includes _________ connective tissue, an example of which is adipose tissue, and _________ connective tissue, an example of which is tendons. Another type is _________ connective tissue, which includes bone, and the third type is _________ connective tissue, which includes blood.
loose, dense, supportive, fluid
Which of the following is the most common type of cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
The blue-colored “stuff” in the figure below is: __________ ____________.
articular cartilage
Which of the following would you expect to find in connective tissue? (choose all correct items)
a) multinucleated cells
b) parenchyma
c) chondroitin sulfate
d) collagen
e) merocrine cells
f) cadherin
g) triglycerides (triacylglycerols)
h) adipocytes
i) osteocytes
j) white blood cells
k) reticular fibers
l) GAGs
c) chondroitin sulfate
d) collagen
g) triglycerides (triacylglycerols)
h) adipocytes
i) osteocytes
j) white blood cells
k) reticular fibers
l) GAGs
In the micrograph below, the blood vessel at the upper arrow is a(n) _________ and the blood vessel at the lower arrow is a(n) _________ .
venule; arteriole
In skeletal muscle, the connective tissue that surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers and bundles them forming a fascicle is: ___________
perimysium
Which of the following types of muscle is made up of individual cells that have the same shape as fibroblast cells?
smooth muscle
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which one’s own antibodies attack and destroy a certain component of nerve cells. The type of cells that produce that component for PERIPHERAL nerves are the ___________cells.
schwann
Cell death can occur by several different processes. Cell death accompanied by inflammation is known as _______.
necrosis
Identify the molecule shown
oxytocin
Identify the CLASS of hormone shown
amine hormone
Identify the endocrine glands:
Number 4 is the __________ gland. Number 8 are the ________ glands. Number 12 are the ___________
Number 4 is the thyroid gland. Number 8 are the adrenal glands. Number 12 are the testes
T/F: Water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular receptors that become activated and translocate to the nucleus where they bind to hormone-response elements.
False
Sebaceous glands produce ___________.
sebum
There are 3 main categories of connective tissues. The category that includes bones is the ________ connective tissue.
supportive
Tendons are comprised of ______________ ____________ connective tissue.
dense regular
The most common type of cartilage is _______________ cartilage.
hyaline
matching: growth hormone
choices:
- steroid hormone
- stimulates secretion of T3
- stimulates uterine contractions
- acts on skeletal muscle
- acts on adrenal medulla
- acts on mammary glands
- stimulates gamete production
- acts on adrenal cortex
- acts on thymus
- stimulates androgen production
acts on skeletal muscle
matching: prolactin
choices:
- steroid hormone
- stimulates secretion of T3
- stimulates uterine contractions
- acts on skeletal muscle
- acts on adrenal medulla
- acts on mammary glands
- stimulates gamete production
- acts on adrenal cortex
- acts on thymus
- stimulates androgen production
acts on mammary glands
matching: thyroid-stimulating hormone
choices:
- steroid hormone
- stimulates secretion of T3
- stimulates uterine contractions
- acts on skeletal muscle
- acts on adrenal medulla
- acts on mammary glands
- stimulates gamete production
- acts on adrenal cortex
- acts on thymus
- stimulates androgen production
stimulates secretion of T3
matching: adrenocorticotropic hormone
choices:
- steroid hormone
- stimulates secretion of T3
- stimulates uterine contractions
- acts on skeletal muscle
- acts on adrenal medulla
- acts on mammary glands
- stimulates gamete production
- acts on adrenal cortex
- acts on thymus
- stimulates androgen production
acts on adrenal cortex
matching: follicle-stimulating hormone
choices:
- steroid hormone
- stimulates secretion of T3
- stimulates uterine contractions
- acts on skeletal muscle
- acts on adrenal medulla
- acts on mammary glands
- stimulates gamete production
- acts on adrenal cortex
- acts on thymus
- stimulates androgen production
stimulates gamete production
matching: luteinizing hormone
choices:
- steroid hormone
- stimulates secretion of T3
- stimulates uterine contractions
- acts on skeletal muscle
- acts on adrenal medulla
- acts on mammary glands
- stimulates gamete production
- acts on adrenal cortex
- acts on thymus
- stimulates androgen production
stimulates androgen production
The anterior pituitary gland secretes ______ hormones. These include _________ , whose release is stimulated by the hypothalamic releasing hormone, CRH. They also include prolactin, whose release is stimulated by _________ , TSH, whose release is stimulated by _______ , and growth hormone, whose release is inhibited by __________.
- six
- ACTH
- PRH
- TRH
- GHIH
