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Bio 111 > Exam 1 Phylum > Flashcards

Exam 1 Phylum Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

(Phylum Parifera)

Osculum -

A

Hole in the top where water exits

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1
Q

Phylum Parifera

A
  • Asymmetric colony of cells, no tissues or organs
  • Sessile adults
  • Osculum
  • Chanocyte
  • Spicule
  • Epidermal cells
  • Amoeboid cells
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2
Q

(Phylum Parifera)

Chanocyte -

A

Collar cell, filters food

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3
Q

(Phylum Parifera)

Spicule -

A

Calcium carbonate or silica for protection and support

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4
Q

(Phylum Parifera)

Epidermal cell

A

Makes up outer surface. With pores to allow water to flow into the sponge

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5
Q

(Phylum Parifera)

Amoeboid cells -

A

Deliver food from the chanocyte to epidermal cells

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6
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

Radio symmetry with tissues, but no organs

  • 2 body types: polyps – hydra, medusa – jellyfish, or man of war
  • internal extracellular digestion in a gut cavity, not by individual cells
  • nerve nets
  • no blood vessels, respiratory system, specialized internal cavities
  • Cnidocyte with nematocyst and neurotoxins
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7
Q

Phylum Ctenophora

A
  • comb jellies or sea walnuts
  • 8 radial symmetrical plates of cilia
  • some bioluminescent
  • anal pore
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8
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A
  • flat worms
  • bilateral symmetry
  • gut with 1 opening
  • diffusion thru the skin, no circulatory system
  • branched gut to deliver food
  • ladder like nerve system with tiny brain – cephalization
  • flame cells for excretion in planarian
  • tapeworm – proglottid contains egg filled with larvae
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9
Q

Phylum Rhynchocoela

A
  • Ribbon worms
  • complete digestive tract
  • circulatory system with blood vessels
  • similar to a flat worm
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10
Q

Phylum Nematoda

A

-nematodes, eelworms, roundworms – ascaris
-most plants and animals have a parasitic nematode
-bilateral symmetry, cylindrical, unsegmented
-mouth, digestive tract, anus
I.e. Hookworms - live in intestine, suck blood, cause anemia
I.e. Pin worms - live in colon, lay eggs in anus at night, itchy
I.e. Trichinosis - start in intestine of pigs/cat. Female reproduce live young that move to lymph glands and then muscles go pig/cat. Cooking kills the worms.

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11
Q

Phylum Rotifera

A
  • The Rotifers
  • 100-500 microns long, eat bacteria, found in soil
  • muscular pharynx and grinding jaw
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12
Q

Coelom

A

Hollow body cavity with a digestive tract and organs inside

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13
Q

Phylum Molluska

A
  • Class Bivalves
  • Class Gastropoda
  • Class Cephalpopoda
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14
Q

(Phylum Molluska)

Class Bivalves

A
  • clam, scallop, mussel, oyster
  • 2 hinged shells, wedge foot, adductor muscle
  • intestine runs thru the heart, gills for respiration
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15
Q

(Phylum Molluska)

Class Gastropoda

A
  • snail, slug, nudibranch

- has a gut and a gill for respiration

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16
Q

(Phylum Molluska)

Glass Cephalopoda

A
  • octopus, squid, nautilus

- has a brain which is unique in mollusks

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17
Q

Phylum Annelida

A
  • segmented or earth worm
  • septa
  • setae
  • mouth, gut, anus
  • 5 ring heart, blood vessels, closed circulatory system
  • ventral nerve cord
  • gas exchange thru the skin
  • clitellum
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18
Q

Septa

A

Internal membrane which separates the segments

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19
Q

Setae

A

Chitin bristles not he bottom surface which helps it move

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20
Q

Clitellum

A

Smooth ring on the anterior end which forms after mating

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21
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

A
  • jointed appendages
  • head or fused cephalothorax
  • Undergo metamorphosis I.e. Egg, larvae, juvenile, adult I.e. Larvae to butterfly
  • chelicerae
  • compund eye with individual visual units or ommatida
  • tracheae
  • tracheloes
  • spiracles
  • malpighian tubes
  • brain
  • ventral ganglia
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22
Q

(Phylum Arthropoda)

Chelicerae -

A

Pincers or fangs

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23
Q

(Phylum Arthropoda)

Tracheae -

A

Branched air duct

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24
Q

(Phylum Arthropoda)

Tracheloes -

A

Smaller branches

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25
Q

(Phylum Arthropoda)

Spiracles -

A

External holes to allow air to enter the tracheae

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26
Q

(Phylum Arthropoda)

Malpighian tubes -

A

Process waste

I.e. Grasshopper

27
Q

(Phylum Arthropoda)

Brain -

A

3 pairs of anterior ganglia serve as an inhibitor. Can live w/o head or brain

28
Q

(Phylum Arthropoda)

Ventral Ganglia -

A

Controls body movements, eating, and copulation

29
Q

(Phylum Arthropoda)

Subphylum Chelcerata

A
  • Class Arachnida
  • Class Merostomata
  • Class Pychnogonida
30
Q

Class Arachnida

A

Order Scorpions
Order Arcnae - spiders
Order Acari - mites
Order Opiliones - daddy long legs

31
Q

Class Merostomata

A

Horseshoe crabs

32
Q

Class Pychnogonida

A

Sea spiders

33
Q

(Phylum Arthropoda)

Subphylum Crustacea

A

Class Crustaceans

34
Q

Class Crustaceans

A

Order Cladocera - water fleas
Order Cirripeda - barnacles
Order Decapoda - crab, lobster, shrimp

35
Q

(Phylum Arthropoda)

Subphylum Uniramia

A

Class Insecta
Class Chilopoda - centipedes
Class Diplopoda - millipedes

36
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A

Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars

  • radial symmetry in adults
  • ossicles
  • tube feet
  • nerve ring and branches but no brain
  • madreportie
37
Q

Ossicles

A

Calcium plates with spines or perforations that serve as an internal skeleton

38
Q

Tube feet

A

Extend out thru the ossicles. Fill with water and move the animal

39
Q

Madreportie

A

A pore on the aboral surface that allows water to enter the ring canal, radial canal, and tube feet

40
Q

Phylum Chordata

A
  • single hollow nerve cord
  • notochord or flexible rod replaced by a vertebral column in most species
  • pharyngeal slits in pharynx. Lost later in development
  • internal skeleton
  • tail that extends beyond the anus at some point in life
41
Q

(Phylum Chordata)

Subphylum Urochordata

A

-Marine, sessile, filter feeding adults
-only larvae have a notochord and nerve cord
-primitive, tadpole like larvae that swim for a few days and become sessile
I.e. Sea peach and tunicate

42
Q

(Phylum Chordata)

Subphylum Cephalochordata

A

Lancelets

-small (3cm) fish like marine chordate. Sticks tail in sand and filter feed

43
Q

(Phylum Chordata)

Subphylum Vertebrata

A

Vertebral column, head, skull with a brain

  • Class Agnatha
  • Class Chondrichthyes
  • Class Osteichthyes
  • Class Amphibian
  • Class Reptile
  • Class Aves
  • Class Mammalia
44
Q

(Phylum Chordata)
–(Subphylum Vertebrata)
Class Agnatha

A

Jawless fish

-first of vertebrate evolution 470 million yrs ago

45
Q

(Phylum Chordata)
–(Subphylum Vertebrata)
Class Chondrichthyes

A

Cartilaginous fish
-jaws developed from gill arches, teeth from skin
I.e. Sharks and rays
-soft skeleton makes them good swimmers
-denticles – tooth like projections on skin. Shark skin was 1st sandpaper

46
Q

(Phylum Chordata)
–(Subphylum Vertebrata)
Class Osteichthyes

A

Bony fish

  • strong, heavy bones
  • swim bladder–Membrane filled with air to counteract the weight of the bones and allow them to swim and not sink
  • lateral line system–Series of nerve endings in small holes in the surface of the fish. Allows them to sense the environment around them
47
Q

(Phylum Chordata)
–(Subphylum Vertebrata)
Class Amphibian

A

Frog, salamander
-Probably evolved from lungfish that moved onto land. Lungfish can use lungs and wait out the dry season. They use gills when water is available

48
Q

(Phylum Chordata)
–(Subphylum Vertebrata)
Class Reptile

A

Crocodile, alligator, snake, turtle

  • dry skin with scales to retard water loss
  • amniotic egg
  • -shell - retards water loss from embryo
  • -yolk and albumin - food source rich in protein
  • -amnion - membrane around the embryo
  • -allantois - waste storage area in egg
  • endothermic- the ability to regulate body temp.
49
Q

(Phylum Chordata)
–(Subphylum Vertebrata)
Class Aves

A

Hollow bones to reduce weight, feather for a airfoil, large breastbone to attach flight muscles

50
Q

(Phylum Chordata)
–(Subphylum Vertebrata)
Class Mammalia

A

The mammals

  • hair and mammary glands, 4 chamber heart, front incisors
  • live young, except duck billed platypus and spiny anteater
  • Marsupials
  • Placental mammals
51
Q

Marsupials

A

Very underdeveloped young are born about 8 days after fertilization into a pouch.
I.e. Koala, kangaroo, opossum

52
Q

Placental Mammals

A

The placenta exchanges nutrients, waste, and gases between the fetus and the uterus.
I.e. humans, monkey, mice etc.

53
Q

Polynomial

A

13 word Latin name to describe an organism

54
Q

Binomial

A

Genus and species. The two-part name used for organisms today

55
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

Father of taxonomy. Invented the binomial meaning system

56
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Invented the vaccination. He used cowpox to prevent smallpox

57
Q

Vaccination

A

Using a dead or heat killed pathogen, or the other protein coat of a pathogen to make a vaccine which trigger antibody formation and prevents disease.

58
Q

Variolation

A

Using skin scabs form smallpox to produce either in mild case of smallpox, or prevent the disease. Some people die from this treatment

59
Q

Temperate cycle

A

A viral infection cycle where the virus incorporates into the DNA of the host cell. Replicates each time the cell divides, and later goes into the lytic cycle and kills the host cell.

60
Q

Lytic cycle

A

A virus infects a host cell, builds new virus particles, and bursts the cell to release the new virus.

61
Q

Endospore

A

A thick outer coating on a bacterium that protects it from heat and dryness. When growing conditions are good again, the bacteria grows. Endospores can last for many years.

62
Q

Pili

A

A tube that transfers a plasmid of DNA from a + type to a - type bacterium

63
Q

Capsule

A

A elatinous layer on the outside of some bacteria that helps protect it

64
Q

Cocci

A

Round

65
Q

Bacillus

A

Rod shape

66
Q

Spirillum

A

Corkscrew shape bacteria

Bio 111 (12 decks)

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