Blood Flashcards
Plasma =
Water, salts, plasma proteins, nutrients, waste CO2, and O2
Blood composition
55% plasma
45% formed elements
Formed elements =
R.B.C.s, W.B.Cs, platelets
Hematocrit
Blood test that measures the volume of blood occupied by R.B.C.s
Erythropoieses
Erythrocytes = R.B.C.s, Poiesis = to make. ==> making R.B.C.s
When the level of O2 to the kidney falls, the hormone erythropoietin is released and moves to the bone marrow where R.B.C. Production increases. R.B.C.s carry O2. More R.B.C.s means more O2 is carried.
Blood Plasma
Electrolytes or inorganic salts travel as dissolved ions. They maintain osmotic balance, buffer blood (human pH 7.4), effect muscle and nerve function, and normal levels are maintained by the kidneys.
Plasma proteins =
- Albumin
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
Albumin
60-80% of blood protein. Small. Provide osmotic pressure.
Osmosis
The movement of water from one side of a plasma membrane to the other to dilute the more concentrated solutes.
Globulins
Alpha and Beta – Both are produced in the liver and transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins
Gamma – antibody formed by lymphocytes
Fibrinogen
Protein produced in the liver and released at the site of injury. It is converted into fibrin, which combines with platelets to form clots or scabs.
Formed elements:
- Erythrocytes
- Neutrophils and Monocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Lymphocytes
- Erythrocytes
R.B.C.s. Biconcave discs. 120 day life cycle. Destroyed by liver or spleen producing bile pigments billiruben and billiverde. Contain hemoglobin – pigment which has the heme group Iron and carried oxygen
- Neutrophils and Monocytes
Both are phagocytes – cells that eat cellular debris, bacteria, and virus
- Eosinophils
Degrade foreign protein and blood clots
