Exam 1 Osteology - Vertebrae

Question 1

vertebral functions

Answer 1

support/weight bearing
attachments for muscles
protection of spinal cord
passage of spinal nerves
motion
shock absorption

Question 2

vertebral formula

Answer 2

C7, T12, L5, S5, Cy 3-6

Question 3

primary curves

Answer 3

present at birth

Question 4

secondary curves

Answer 4

develop after birth

Question 5

lordotic

Answer 5

curves anterior

Question 6

kyphotic

Answer 6

curves posterior

Question 7

basic structures of vertebrae

Answer 7

body, pedicle, lamina, spinous process, transverse process, superior/inferior articular processes, vertebral foramen

Question 8

neural arch

Answer 8

formed by 2 pedicles, 2 lamina

Question 9

pars interarticularis

Answer 9

portion between superior and inferior articular processes

Question 10

intervertebral foramen

Answer 10

formed by superior vertebral notch of one vertebrae and inferior vertebral notch of another

Question 11

boundaries of IVF

Answer 11

pedicle of superior vertebra
vertebral body of superior vertebra
vertebral body of inferior vertebra (cervical incl. uncinate process)
pedicle of inferior vertebra
Z-joint

Question 12

facet joint

Answer 12

aka zygapophyseal joint (z-joint), synovial joint

formed by superior and inferior articular facets

Question 13

intervertebral joint

Answer 13

symphysis, amphiarthrotic

Question 14

intervertebral discs

Answer 14

23 total, C2-C3 down to L5-S1

Question 15

IVD functions

Answer 15

shock absorption
attach vertebral bodies together
form secondary curves
anterior wall of the IVF

Question 16

IVD components

Answer 16

nucleus pulposus

annulus fibrosus

Question 17

characteristics of cervical vertebra

Answer 17

1. support/movement of head, most complicated articular system (37 joints)
2. most movement than other spinal regions
3. smallest of the 24 moveable vertebrae
4. curved anterior to aid in shock absorption
5. vertebral foramen is large/triangular shaped
6. all have transverse foramen
7. superior surface of body is concave, inferior is convex

Question 18

atypical cervical vertebrae

Answer 18

C1, C2, C7

Question 19

typical cervical vertebrae

Answer 19

C3-C6

Question 20

Why is C1 atypical?

Answer 20

no spinous process

no vertebral body

Question 21

Why is C2 atypical?

Answer 21

has dens

Question 22

Why is C7 atypical?

Answer 22

vertebral prominens
no costotransverse bar
vertebral artery does not pass through transverse foramen (accessory vertebral vein does)

Question 23

Difference between inferior and superior articular facts on the atlas?

Answer 23

superior is more elongated

inferior is more rounded

Question 24

Can palpate bifid spinous process of C2

Answer 24

2 inches below EOP

Question 25

What is another term for the axis?

Answer 25

epistropheus

Question 26

What properties do the typical cervical vertebrae have in common?

Answer 26

1. bifid spinous process 2. costotransverse bar 3. transverse foramen 4. inferior/superior tubercle of transverse process 5. uncinate process

Question 27

Function of vertebral prominens

Answer 27

provide balance, enable movement, prevent excessive movement

Question 28

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 28

aka dorsal spinous process are long, slender, directed inferiorly facets parallel to coronal plane

Question 29

costal facets

Answer 29

articulation point for ribs

Question 30

demifacets

Answer 30

articulation point for ribs, only partially

Question 31

Why is T1 atypical?

Answer 31

whole superior costal facet | inferior demifacet

Question 32

Why is T9 atypical?

Answer 32

single superior demifacet

Question 33

Why is T10 atypical?

Answer 33

one pair whole facets

Question 34

Why is T11 atypical?

Answer 34

one pair whole facets no transverse costal facet short spinous process

Question 35

Why is T12 atypical?

Answer 35

one pair whole facets | inferior articular facets face anterior and laterally

Question 36

articular surfaces on typical thoracic

Answer 36

``` 12 surfaces: superior/inferior body 2 superior articular facets 2 inferior articular facets 3 demifacets on each side of the body ```

Question 37

lumbar vertebrae characteristics

Answer 37

``` mammillary process accessory process pars interarticularis spinous process sagittal angle of superior/inferior articular facets ```

Question 38

mammillary process

Answer 38

on superior articular facets

Question 39

accessory process

Answer 39

on inferior base of transverse process

Question 40

Why is L5 atypical

Answer 40

body is wedge-shaped

Question 41

transverse lines of sacrum

Answer 41

fusion of sacral bones, 18-25y

Question 42

median sacral crest

Answer 42

fusion of spinous processes of sacral bones

Question 43

normal lumbosacral angle

Answer 43

130-160 degrees

Question 44

manubriosternal joint

Answer 44

aka sternal angle, angle of Louis

Question 45

rib R or L?

Answer 45

head back groove down

Question 46

vertebrosternal

Answer 46

true ribs #1-7

Question 47

vertebrochondral

Answer 47

false ribs #8-10

Question 48

floating ribs

Answer 48

#11-12, no tubercles

Question 49

articulars on C1

Answer 49

5

Question 50

articulars on C2

Answer 50

9

Question 51

articulars on C3-6

Answer 51

10

Question 52

articulars on C7

Answer 52

10

Question 53

articulars on T1

Answer 53

10

Question 54

articulars on T11-12

Answer 54

8

Question 55

articulars on L1-5

Answer 55

6

Question 56

vertebrae development

Answer 56

origin - sclerotome | endochondral ossification

Question 57

sternum development

Answer 57

endochondral ossification

Question 58

rib development

Answer 58

origin: sclerotome | endochondral ossification

Question 59

articulars on typical thoracic

Answer 59

12