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Sum 2014 - Anat Exam 1 > Exam 1 - Nervous System, Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Nervous System, Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the Spinal Cord?

A

Connects the brain and the body (PNS); Conducts somatic and autonomic reflexes; Provides motor pattern control centers; Modulates sensory and motor function.

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2
Q

What are the three horns of the Spinal Cord?

A

Posterior, Lateral, Anterior

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3
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A

Part of the PNS - voluntary control of the body via skeletal muscles

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4
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Part of the PNS - (ANS or visceral nervous system) - involuntary control of the body. Heart Rate, Digestion, Respiration, etc…

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5
Q

What are the division of the spinal nerves and how many are there?

A

31 pairs of Spinal Nerves, 8 Cervical nerves, 12 Thoracic Nerves, 5 Lumbar Nerves, 5 Sacral Nerves and 1 Coccygeal Nerve

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6
Q

What are the nerve plexuses?

A

Cervical Plexus, Brachial Plexus, Lumbar Plexus, Sacral Plexus, Coccygeal Plexus

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7
Q

Gray matter has a high concentration of what?

A

Neurons

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8
Q

White matter has a high concentration of what?

A

Bundles of nerve fibers

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9
Q

What are the three layer of the meninges?

A

Dura mater, Arachnoid, and Pia mater

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10
Q

What layer of the meninges is the CSF made?

A

Arachnoid

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11
Q

Where does the General Somatic Afferent arise from?

A

Skin

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12
Q

What structures do the General Somatic Afferent nerves course through?

A

The skin to the dorsal primary ramus to the dorsal root ganglion to the dorsal root then to the posterior horn (gray matter) of the spinal cord.

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13
Q

What structures do the General Somatic Efferent nerves course through?

A

Start at the Anterior horn (gray matter) of the spinal cord then through the ventral root through the dorsal primary ramus to the muscles.

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14
Q

What is the pathway of the sympathetic nerve fibers?

A

Starts at the Lateral horn of the gray matter through the ventral root to the white ramus in the Sympathetic Ganglion. What is preganglionic and Grey ramus is postganglionic.

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15
Q

What nerves does the anterior horn supply?

A

General somatic efferent (motor neurons)

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16
Q

What nerves does the posterior horn supply?

A

General somatic afferent (sensory neurons)

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17
Q

What area of the spinal cord does the lateral horn exist in?

A

T1 to L2

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18
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibers originate from?

A

Cranial and Sacral nerves

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19
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibers originate from?

A

Thoracic and lumbar nerves

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20
Q

What does the general visceral afferent fibers do?

A

Visceral sensory to the CNS - organs, glands, blood vessels

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21
Q

What does the general visceral efferent fibers do?

A

Motor innervation of the glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Can be sympathetic or parasympathetic. Examples - blood vessels, arrector pili muscles and sweat glands

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22
Q

What is the sympathetic ganglion?

A

They contain nerve cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system. They are located close to the spinal cord. Preganglionic nerve from spinal cord to ganglion and postganglionic nerve from ganglion to affector organ. A preganglionic fiber can stimulate many postganglionic fibers to cause a fast and large response.

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23
Q

Where are white rami located?

A

Only where there are lateral horns (sympathetic).

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24
Q

Where are gray rami located?

A

Everywhere - postganglionic - highly myelinated.

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25
Q

What is the neural path of a simple reflex arc?

A

A receptor is stimulated (stretch receptor in knee) and a response is elicited by the General Somatic Afferent neuron going through the dorsal root ganglion and then entering the posterior horn of the spinal cord. An interneuron connects it to the General Somatic Efferent (motor) neuron in the Anterior horn or it directs connects and exits through the ventral root stimulating a response on the effector organ (quadriceps muscle - knee jerk).

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26
Q

What is the source of the Brachial Plexus?

A

ventral primary rami of C5-8 and T1

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27
Q

What are the branches of the Brachial Plexus?

A

dorsal scapular, long thoracic, n. to subclavius, suprascapular, lateral and medial pectoral, medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous, upper, middle and lower subscapular, musculocutaneous, ulnar, median, axillary, radial

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28
Q

What does the Brachial Plexus supply for motor?

A

muscles of the upper limb, excluding trapezius

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29
Q

What does the Brachial Plexus supply for sensory?

A

skin of the upper limb

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30
Q

What is the source of the C5 Ventral Primary Rami?

A

C5 spinal nerve

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31
Q

What are the branches of the C5 Ventral Primary Rami?

A

contributes to: long thoracic n. and Dorsal Scapular n. and combines with C6 to form the Superior trunk of the Brachial Plexus.

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32
Q

What does the C5 Ventral Primary Rami supply for motor?

A

respiratory diaphragm, scalene mm., muscles of the shoulder and upper arm

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33
Q

What does the C5 Ventral Primary Rami Supply for sensory?

A

skin of the ventral arm and ventral forearm

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34
Q

What is the source of the C6 Ventral Primary Rami?

A

C6 spinal nerve

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35
Q

What are the branches of the C6 Ventral Primary Rami?

A

contributes to: long thoracic n. and it combines with C5 to form the Superior trunk of the Brachial plexus

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36
Q

What does the C6 Ventral Primary Rami supply for motor?

A

scalene mm., muscles of the lower shoulder and arm

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37
Q

What does the C6 Ventral Primary Rami supply for sensory?

A

skin of the lateral side of the upper limb

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38
Q

What is the source of the C7 Ventral Primary Rami?

A

C7 spinal n

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39
Q

What are the branches of the C7 Ventral Primary Rami?

A

contributes to: long thoracic n. and it turns into the Middle trunk of the Brachial Plexus

40
Q

What does the C7 Ventral Primary Rami supply for motor?

A

muscles of the lower shoulder, arm forearm

41
Q

What does the C7 Ventral Primary Rami supply for sensory?

A

skin of the posterior side of the upper limb

42
Q

What is the source of the C8 Ventral Primary Rami?

A

C8 spinal n

43
Q

What does the C8 Ventral Primary Rami supply for motor?

A

muscles of the forearm and hand

44
Q

What are the branches of the C8 Ventral Primary Rami?

A

It combines with T1 to form the Inferior Trunk of the Brachial Plexus.

45
Q

What does the C8 Ventral Primary Rami supply for sensory?

A

skin of the medial side of the upper limb

46
Q

What is the source of the T1 Ventral Primary Rami?

A

T1 Spinal n

47
Q

What are the branches of the T1 Ventral Primary Rami?

A

joins the ventral primary ramus of C8 to form the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

48
Q

What does the T1 Ventral Primary Rami supply for motor?

A

muscles of the forearm and hand

49
Q

What does the T1 Ventral Primary Rami supply for sensory?

A

skin of the ventral arm and ventral forearm

50
Q

What is the source of the Dorsal Scapular nerve?

A

brachial plexus (br. of C5 ventral primary ramus)

51
Q

What does the Dorsal Scapular nerve supply for motor?

A

rhomboideus major and minor mm.; levator scapulae m.

52
Q

What does the Dorsal Scapular nerve supply for sensory?

A

none

53
Q

What is the source of the Long Thoracic nerve?

A

brachial plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C5-C7)

54
Q

What does the Long Thoracic nerve supply for motor?

A

Serratus Anterior

Serratus anterior: innervation and action “C5-6-7 raise your arms up to heaven”:
Long thoracic nerve roots (567) innervate Serratus anterior.
· Test C567 roots clinically by ability to raise arm past 90 degrees.

55
Q

What does the Long Thoracic nerve supply for sensory?

A

none

56
Q

What is the source of the Suprascapular nerve?

A

superior trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6)

57
Q

What does the Suprascapular nerve supply for motor?

A

supraspinatus m., infraspinatus m.

58
Q

What does the Suprascapular nerve supply for sensory?

A

none

59
Q

What is the source of the Subclavius nerve?

A

superior trunk of the brachial plexus

60
Q

What does the Subclavius nerve supply for motor?

A

subclavius m.

61
Q

What does the Subclavius nerve supply for sensory?

A

none

62
Q

What is the source of the Lateral Pectoral nerve?

A

lateral cord of the brachial plexus

63
Q

What does the Lateral Pectoral nerve supply for motor?

A

Pectoralis major. Lateral is less (1 muscle), Medial is more (2 muscles).

64
Q

What does the Lateral Pectoral nerve supply for sensory?

A

none

65
Q

What is the source of the Upper Subscapular nerve?

A

posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5, C6)

66
Q

What does the Upper Subscapular nerve supply for motor?

A

Subscapularis

67
Q

What does the Upper Subscapular nerve supply for sensory?

A

none

68
Q

What does the Thoracodorsal nerve supply for motor?

A

latissimus dorsi m.

69
Q

What is the source of the Thoracodorsal nerve?

A

posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C7, C8)

70
Q

What does the Thoracodorsal nerve supply for sensory?

A

none

71
Q

What is the source of the Lower Subscapular nerve?

A

posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5, C6)

72
Q

What does the Lower Subscapular nerve supply for motor?

A

subscapularis m., teres major m.

73
Q

What does the Lower Subscapular nerve supply for sensory?

A

none

74
Q

What is the source of the Medial Pectoral nerve?

A

medial cord of the brachial plexus

75
Q

What does the Medial Pectoral nerve supply for motor?

A

pectoralis minor m., pectoralis major m.

Lateral is Less (1 muscle) and Medial is more (2 muscles)

76
Q

What does the Medial Pectoral nerve supply for sensory?

A

none

77
Q

What is the source for the Radial nerve?

A

posterior cord of the brachial plexus

78
Q

What are the branches of the Radial nerve?

A

posterior brachial cutaneous n., inferior lateral brachial cutaneous n., posterior antebrachial cutaneous n., superficial and deep brs.

79
Q

What does the Radial nerve supply for motor?

A

muscles of the posterior arm: triceps brachii m., anconeus m.; muscles of the posterior forearm: brachioradialis, extensor carpi ulnaris m., extensor carpi radialis longus m., extensor carpi radialis brevis m., extensor digitorum m., extensor digiti minimi m., supinator m., abductor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis brevis m., extensor indicis m.
Radial nerve Supplies BEST muscles - Brachioradialis, Extensors, Supinator, Triceps

80
Q

What does the Radial nerve supply for sensory?

A

skin of the posterior arm, forearm and hand

81
Q

What is the source of the Axillary nerve?

A

posterior cord of the brachial plexus

82
Q

What are the branches of the Axillary nerve?

A

superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve

83
Q

What does the Axillary nerve supply for motor?

A

deltoid, teres minor

84
Q

What does the Axillary nerve supply for sensory?

A

skin of the upper lateral arm

85
Q

What is the source of the Musculocutaneous nerve?

A

lateral cord of the brachial plexus

86
Q

What are the branches of the Musculocutaneous nerve?

A

lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.

87
Q

What does the Musculocutaneous nerve supply for motor?

A

coracobrachialis m., biceps brachii m., brachialis m.

88
Q

What does the Musculocutaneous nerve supply for sensory?

A

skin of the lateral side of the forearm

89
Q

What is the source of the Median nerve?

A

lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus

90
Q

What are the branches of the Median nerve?

A

anterior interosseous n., palmar br., recurrent (motor) br., common palmar digital nn. (for digits 1-3)

91
Q

What does the Median nerve supply for motor?

A

pronator teres m., flexor carpi radialis m., palmaris longus m., flexor digitorum superficialis m., flexor digitorum profundus m. (radial half), flexor pollicis longus m., pronator quadratus m., abductor pollicis brevis m., flexor pollicis brevis m., opponens pollicis m., lateral 2 lumbrical mm.
Hand muscles supplied by Median nerve - MEat LOAF - Median nerve supplies Lumbricals, Opponens Pollicis, Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis.

92
Q

What does the Median nerve supply for sensory?

A

skin of the radial half of the palm and palmar side of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (and nail bed for these digits)

93
Q

What is the source of the Ulnar nerve?

A

medial cord of the brachial plexus (C8, T1)

94
Q

What are the branches of the Ulnar nerve?

A

palmar cutaneous br., dorsal br., superficial and deep brs.

95
Q

What does the Ulnar nerve supply for motor?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris m., flexor digitorum profundus m. (ulnar half), abductor digiti minimi m., flexor digiti minimi brevis m., opponens digiti minimi m., ulnar 2 lumbrical mm., palmar and dorsal interosseous mm.

96
Q

What does the Ulnar nerve supply for sensory?

A

skin of the medial side of the wrist and hand; skin of the medial 1 1/2 digits

Sum 2014 - Anat Exam 1 (14 decks)

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