Exam 1 - Needs Assessment Flashcards
Definitions
- Need – the difference between the present situation and and a more ________ one.
- Perceived or actual.
- Needs assessment – process of identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing the ______ of priority population.
- AKA: community analysis/diagnosis/assessment
- Most critical step in planning process
desirable
needs
Needs assessment place in planning process
- Identify issues
- Set priorities
- Established baseline
- Determine _________ capacity
- Individual, organizational, and community resources that can enable a community to take action.
- -Leadership, infrastructure, operations, politics.
- Consider necessary capacity building.
- -Activities that enhance the resources of individuals, organizations, and communities to improve their effectiveness to take _____.
-Provides focus for developing intervention.
community
action
When a needs assessment is not needed
*When one was done recently.
- Program planners employed by agency that already deals specifically with health issue that is known.
- Ex. Cancer and the American Cancer Society.
*Funding is appropriated for a specific cause and can only be used for programming related to it (categorical funds)..
Yuh
What questions a needs assessment answers
1) Who is the priority population?
2) What are the _____ of the priority population?
3) Which _______ within the priority population have the greatest need?
4) Where are these subgroups located geographically?
5) What is currently being done to _______ identified needs?
6) How well have the identified needs been addressed in the past?
needs
subgroups
resolve
Acquiring needs assessment data
- Primary data – data you collect _______.
- ______, focus group, in-depth _______, etc.
- Advantages: directly answers planner’s questions.
- Limitations: can be expensive and take a lot of ____.
- Secondary data – data already collected by _________ else and available for use.
- Advantages: already exists and usually ________.
- Limitations: may not identify true needs due to collection methods used, variables considered, or from whom data was collected.
yourself
examples: Survey, interviews
time
somebody
inexpensive
Sources of primary data: Single-step or cross-sectional surveys
- Data collected at ___ point in time.
- Written surveys and interviews.
- Self-report, proxy measure, significant others, opinion leaders, key informants.
- Advantages: usually _____.
- Limitations: ____.
- Written surveys, telephone/face-to-face/electronic/group interviews.
one
quick
bias
Sources of primary data: Single-step or cross-sectional surveys
- Steps to increase accuracy of data collection:
1) Select measures that reflect program _______.
2) Select _____ and ______ measures.
3) Conduct pilot study with priority population.
4) Employ quality control procedures to detect other sources of _____.
5) Employ multiple methods.
6) Use multiple measures.
7) Use _________ experimental and _______ groups to control for response bias.
outcomes
valid and reliable
error
randomized, control
Sources of primary data: Single-step or cross-sectional surveys
- Written survey:
- Advantages: reach _____ number of people in _____ time, low ____, lower response bias.
- Disadvantages: [highest/lowest] response rate, inability to clarify questions, respondent confusion.
- Should be attractive and easy to ____ with enough white space.
- Easy to follow instructions and clear questions.
- -Include cover letter with mail surveys.
- Short in ______ and easy to fill out surveys more likely to be returned.
large, short, cost
lowest
read
length
Sources of primary data: Single-step or cross-sectional surveys
- Face-to-face _________:
- Can include administering survey to respondent.
- Not typically done if population is [small/large].
- Advantages: high __________ rate, build rapport with respondent, visual cues.
- Disadvantages: _____ consuming, need training (i.e. probing, motivational interviewing), expensive, inter-rater reliability concerns.
interviews
large
participation
time
Sources of primary data: Single-step or cross-sectional surveys
*________ interviews:
-Advantages: modest cost, easy to do, can clarify questions.
-Disadvantages: wireless only households, lack of phone “list”, resistance of answering questions on phone, need training, inter-rater reliability concerns, no visual cues
Random-digit dialing (RDD).
- Number combinations randomly selected
- Advantages: Could include non-listed numbers and cell phones.
- Disadvantages: ____ consuming because not all generated numbers will be valid or for an individual, cell phones may not have area code of city in which person lives.
Telephone
Time
Sources of primary data: Single-step or cross-sectional surveys
- ________ interviews:
- Advantages: reduced response time, low ____, ease of data collection, flexibility of design and format, control over distribution, data __________ entered in spreadsheet or data software.
- Disadvantages: lack of ______ access, obtaining email address, respondent’s lack of comfort using computer.
- Survey companies provide platform for a fee.
- -Qualtrics, Survey Monkey, Zommerang.
- Mixed reports on response rate.
Electronic
cost
automatically
internet
Sources of primary data: Single-step or cross-sectional surveys
- _____ interviews:
- Data collected from more than one person during a single, short period of time.
- -Ex. Focus groups.
- Advantages: high ________ rate, efficient and economical, can stimulate productivity of others.
- Disadvantages: intimidation or suppression of individual differences.
Group
response
Sources of primary data: Single-step or cross-sectional surveys
- ______ technique:
- Multistep technique that generates consensus through a series of _________, usually done through mail or __________.
- -Primary questionnaire questions are usually _____.
- -Secondary questionnaire questions usually more ______ and based on primary questionnaire responses.
- -This goes on until consensus is reached (usually 5 or fewer rounds).
- Advantages: pooled responses, high motivation and commitment, reduced influence of others, high response quality and quantity, equal representation, consistent contact with respondent.
- Disadvantages: high ____, takes a lot of ____, unable to clarify, limits immediate reinforcement.
Delphi
questionnaires, electronically
broad
specific
cost
time
Sources of primary data: Single-step or cross-sectional surveys
- Meetings:
- Good source of _________ for preliminary needs assessment or for evaluation purposes.
- -Meet with small group to find out needed information.
- Advantages: good formative ________, low cost, flexible.
- Disadvantages: result _____, limited input from participants.
information
evaluation
bias
Sources of primary data: Single-step or cross-sectional surveys
- ______ groups:
- Qualitative research that was grown from group therapy.
- Obtain information about feelings, opinions, perceptions, insights, beliefs, misconceptions, attitudes, receptivity of group towards idea or issue.
- Small, 8-12 people.
- -Best if they’re [people you know/strangers].
- -_______ only.
- General information given a few weeks before group meets.
- Facilitated by _________ who elicits candid responses.
- Advantages: low cost, convenient, creative atmosphere, clarification possible, flexibility.
- Disadvantages: limited representation, dependence on moderator skill, preliminary insights, participant involvement.
Focus
strangers
Invitation
moderator
