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Year 2 CV > Exam 1- montemayor > Flashcards

Exam 1- montemayor Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 factors affect myocardial O2 demand

A

wall stress
heart rate
contractility

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2
Q

wall stress is directly proportional to what

A

systolic ventricular pressure

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3
Q

what is formula for MVO2

A

coronary blood flow or CO x (AO2-VO2)

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4
Q

what is coronary steal

A

if arterioles already maximally dilated in response to ischemia, vasodilator action likely to only affect vessels in non-ischemic vascular beds

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5
Q

how does Sympathetic B1 adrenergic activity increase HR?

A

increased funny current in nodal cells

increased ICa in all myocardial cells

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6
Q

what are the ways that M2 Receptor activation decrease HR

A

increased Ik in nodal cells
decreased funny current in nodal cells
decreased ICa in all myocardial cells

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7
Q

pulmonary wedge pressure indicates pressure where

A

left atrium

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8
Q

the a wave in jugular venous curve is what

A

RA contraction

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9
Q

the c wave in jugular venous curve is what

A

RV pressure in early systole (bulging tricuspid valve into RA)

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10
Q

the v wave is what in jugular venous curve

A

RA filling (tricuspid closed)

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11
Q

what can cause large a waves on the jugular venous pulse curve

A

tricuspid stenosis, right heart fialure

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12
Q

what can cause cannon a waves on jugular venous cruve

A

3 degree complete hear tblock

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13
Q

no a waves of jugular venous curve indicate what

A

a fib

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14
Q

what do large v waves on jugular venous curve indicate

A

tricuspid regurg

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15
Q

what sounds of lungs are indicative of pulmonary edema

A

crackles

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16
Q

what starling force from LA increaed P leads to pulmonary edema in patients

A

capillary hydrostatic Pressure

17
Q

what is formula for net pressure of starling forces

A

outward- inward

capillary hydrostatic+ IF oncotic) - (capillary oncotic+IF hydrostatic

18
Q

What is normal splitting of S2

A

A2P2

pulmonary opens first closes last

19
Q

how does inspiration affect the VR to right heart? left heart

A

increase to R because of negative intrathoracic pressure

decrease to L because retention of blood in pulmonary vv

20
Q

What is formula for SV

A

EDV-ESV

21
Q

what is formula for ejection fraction

A

SV/EDV

22
Q

What is cardiac index

A

CO relative to body surface area

23
Q

what are the effects of digoxin a cardiac glycoside on ventricular cells

A

increase contractility, increased Ca

slows the NaK pump so intracell Na and Ca accumulate (3Na 1Ca anti porter)

24
Q

What are the 6 major effects of ANG II

A 
vasoconstriction
stimulates adrenal-aldosterone
stimulates ADH/AVP
stimulates thirst
stimulates renal Na reabsorption
stimulates SNS activity

Year 2 CV (31 decks)

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