Exam 1- montemayor Flashcards
what 3 factors affect myocardial O2 demand
wall stress
heart rate
contractility
wall stress is directly proportional to what
systolic ventricular pressure
what is formula for MVO2
coronary blood flow or CO x (AO2-VO2)
what is coronary steal
if arterioles already maximally dilated in response to ischemia, vasodilator action likely to only affect vessels in non-ischemic vascular beds
how does Sympathetic B1 adrenergic activity increase HR?
increased funny current in nodal cells
increased ICa in all myocardial cells
what are the ways that M2 Receptor activation decrease HR
increased Ik in nodal cells
decreased funny current in nodal cells
decreased ICa in all myocardial cells
pulmonary wedge pressure indicates pressure where
left atrium
the a wave in jugular venous curve is what
RA contraction
the c wave in jugular venous curve is what
RV pressure in early systole (bulging tricuspid valve into RA)
the v wave is what in jugular venous curve
RA filling (tricuspid closed)
what can cause large a waves on the jugular venous pulse curve
tricuspid stenosis, right heart fialure
what can cause cannon a waves on jugular venous cruve
3 degree complete hear tblock
no a waves of jugular venous curve indicate what
a fib
what do large v waves on jugular venous curve indicate
tricuspid regurg
what sounds of lungs are indicative of pulmonary edema
crackles
what starling force from LA increaed P leads to pulmonary edema in patients
capillary hydrostatic Pressure
what is formula for net pressure of starling forces
outward- inward
capillary hydrostatic+ IF oncotic) - (capillary oncotic+IF hydrostatic
What is normal splitting of S2
A2P2
pulmonary opens first closes last
how does inspiration affect the VR to right heart? left heart
increase to R because of negative intrathoracic pressure
decrease to L because retention of blood in pulmonary vv
What is formula for SV
EDV-ESV
what is formula for ejection fraction
SV/EDV
What is cardiac index
CO relative to body surface area
what are the effects of digoxin a cardiac glycoside on ventricular cells
increase contractility, increased Ca
slows the NaK pump so intracell Na and Ca accumulate (3Na 1Ca anti porter)
What are the 6 major effects of ANG II
vasoconstriction stimulates adrenal-aldosterone stimulates ADH/AVP stimulates thirst stimulates renal Na reabsorption stimulates SNS activity
