Exam 1 Lecture 5 Flashcards
Central nervous system
-Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
-Other neurons
Cerebrum
-Big part of brain
-4 lobes
-Sends signals to cerebellum
Cerebellum
-Small part of brain
-Motor skills
-Fine tuning
Brain stem
-Forms connection from spinal cord
-Medulla: breathing
-Pons: connects cerebellum
-Midbrain: eyes/ears to brain
-Dinecephalon: Hypothalamus/thalamus
ORDERED FROM BOTTOM OF STEM TO TOP
Hypothalamus
-Interface between body and brain
-Body temp/sleep/hunger
Thalamus
-Relay station
-Sends info
-Connects parts to others
4 lobes
-Frontal: executive functioning
-Parietal: Sensory processing
-Occipital: Visual processing
-Temporal: Emotions, learning, memory
Basal Ganglia
-Decision maker
-What brain pays attention to
-Number of different spots in brain
Blood supply
-Critical
-Needs O2
-Neurons use most energy
-Multiple arteries
Blood brain barrier
-Barrier around all blood vessels in brain
-Protection
-Homeostasis
Astrocytes
-Inside brain
-Support neurons mechanically and metabolically
-Form blood brain barrier
Oligodendrocytes
-Form myelin sheets
-Roll over neuron and makes myelin
Microglia
-Immune cells of brain
-Like white blood cells for brain
Glutamate
-Main excitatory neurotransmitter
-AMPA receptor: ionotropic stimulatory, more conventional, opens Na channel
-NMDA receptor: ionotropic stimulatory, learning/memory
when activated it excites neurons
GABA
-Main inhibitory neurotransmitter
-GABA A: Ionotropic, opens Cl- channel, quicker
-GABA B: Metabotropic, slower, lasts longer
Diffuse modulatory neurotransmitter systems
- Dopamine (DA)
- Acetylcholine (Ach)
- Norepinephrine (NE)
- Serotonin (5-HT)
-released by a few neurons
-Cell bodies in brainstems, axons go to cortex
-Excitatory
