Exam 1 Lecture 2 Flashcards
Types of cellular communication
-Paracrine
-Hormonal
-Neuronal
Paracrine communication
-Short distances
-Close together
-Most simple
(Immune system, neurons)
Hormonal communication
-Releases hormones
-Cell to blood stream to cell
-Prolonged effect
-Endocrine cells (specialized for hormones)
Neuronal communication
-Electrical impulses
-Fast signals (milliseconds)
-Neuron to receptor
-Across synapses
-High specificity, strength, shortest distance
Receptors
-Proteins located on outside/inside of cell
-Have at least 1 binding site
-Specific binding sites
Ligand
-Signaling molecule
-Binds to a receptor
-Binds to binding site
-Binding site changes shape and chemistry
Receptors based on ligand
-GABA
-Glutamate
Receptors based on cellular location
-Membrane
-Nucleus
-Cytoplasm
Receptors based on type of action
-Makes changes
Receptors based on direction of effect
-Stimulatory
-Inhibitory
Ionotropic receptors
-Ion channels located in membrane
-Activation open/closes ion channel
-Changes electrical properties
-Fast responding
-Relatively weak
-Hydrophilic
Metabotropic receptors (second messenger/G protein receptors)
-Can release second messenger inside cell
-Membrane bound
-Lots of potential cell responses
-Strong amplification
-Slow response
Nuclear receptors
-Inside cell
-Bind transcription factor to DNA
-Slowest response
-Strong amplification
-Long term changes
-Hydrophobic
Cellular responses to signals
-Strength of response depends on number of signaling molecules, type of receptor, number of receptors
