Exam 1 Key Flashcards
What are Linoleic Acid, Arachidonic Acid, and Linolenic Acid?
Fats/Lipids
What are Pantothenic Acid, Riboflavin, Folic Acid, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K?
Vitamins
What are Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Arginine, Histidine and Lysine?
Protein/Amino Acids
What are Maltose, Cellulose, Lactose, Starch, and Amylose?
Carbohydrates
What are Potassium, Iodine, and Phosphorus?
Minerals
Disaccharides composed of two alpha-D-glucose molecules is what?
Maltose
Disaccharides composed of glucose and galactose is what?
Lactose
Disaccharide composed of two beta-D-glucose molecules is what?
Celloboise
Disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose is what?
Sucrose
A straight chain of alpha-D-glucose molecules that is soluble in hot water is?
Amylose
A straight chain of beta-D-glucose molecules is?
Cellulose
A branched chain of alpha-D-glucose molecules that is insoluble in hot water is?
Amylopectin
A storage form of CHO in the body (liver and muscle) is?
Glycogen
CHO not digestible by mammalian or microbial enzymes is?
Lignin
The definition of nutrition is?
Study of the processes where feed nutrients are presented to and utilized by living cells for productive processes
The definition of a nutrient is?
Any chemical (element or compound) in the it that supports normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance of life processes.
Based on the statement “Produced by body, growth is not impaired”, what class of nutrient is described?
Non-essential nutrient
Based on the statement “Produced by body, growth is reduced”, which class of nutrient is described?
Essential nutrient
Based on the statement “Not produced by body, growth is reduced”, which class of nutrients is described?
Essential nutrient
“Founder of the Science of Nutrition”
Antoine Lavoiser
Which of the following is NOT a specific property of water that aids it in dissipating heat?
Cool to the touch
Which of the following is NOT a factor effecting the water requirement of animals?
Age, Temperature, Diet
All are factors affecting requirement
Which of the following is NOT a source of water for the animal?
Feed, Free Liquid, Metabolism
All provide water to the animal
Which of the following would be the best source of metabolic water for hibernating animals?
Fat
Lipids/fats contain this much more energy compared to carbohydrates.
2.25
Which of the following is NOT an essential fatty acid?
Arachadonic, Linolenic, Linoleic, Lipoic
Lipoic
Which of the following is NOT true regarding a triglyceride?
a. is composed of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone
b. is water loving
c. is water hating
d. fatty acids can vary in chain length and degree of saturation
Is water-loving
Which of the following is NOT a function of essential fatty acids?
a. Formation of prostaglandins
b. Incorporated into cell membranes
c. Contractions of smooth muscle d. Antibody passage in colostrum
Antibody passage in colostrum
Which of the following does NOT describe the three essential fatty acids?
a. All are required in the diet for monogastrics
b. All are unsaturated fatty acids
c. All are relatively long (18 to 20 C) d. All are saturated fatty acids
e. They are not required in the diet for ruminants because bacteria synthesize them
All are saturated fatty acids
What CHO serves as the primary energy source for monogastrics?
Starch
Primary CHO found in nature?
Cellulose
Which CHO serves as the primary energy source for ruminants consuming forage?
cellulose
the primary polysaccharide(s) found in corn starch?
Amylose and Amylopectin
The primary polysaccharide(s) found in mature grasses
cellulose
If a feedstuff contains 25% crude protein, what is the nitrogen content of the feedstuff?
4.0%
Which of the following is NOT an essential amino acid? a. Valine B.Methionine c.. Theronine d. eucine e. all are essential
All are essential
Which of the following is NOT an essential amino acid? a. tryptophan b. histamine c. tryosine d. a & b e b & c
histamine and tryosine
Name the linage that binds amino acids together in a protein molecule
peptide bonds
A deficiency of this mineral results in anemia and it is highly toxic to sheep
Copper
a deficiency of this mineral results in anemia, especially in baby pigs
iron
A deficiency of this mineral results in white muscle disease?
Selenium
A deficiency of this mineral results in parakeratosis
Zinc
This mineral is found in the largest % in the body and deficiency leads to abnormal bone growth.
Calcium
A deficiency of this mineral results in grass tetany for cows grazing lush grasses.
Magnesium
A deficiency of this vitamin results in night blindness.
Vitamin A
This vitamin serves as an antioxidant and a deficiency results in white muscle disease.
Vitamin E
This vitamin is important in Ca absorption and a deficiency results in abnormal bone.
Vitamin D
This vitamin is important in blood clotting and antagonists are used in rodent poisons.
Vitamin K
Dry matter determination is used to estimate the percentage of:
Water
Nitrogen determination (kjeldahl) is used to estimate the percentage of:
CP
Ether extract determination is used to estimate the percentage of:
Fat
Ash determination is used to estimate the percentage of:
Minerals
Crude fiber and NFE determination is used to estimate the percentage of:
CHO
The Van Soest system breaks crude fiber down into what two classifications.
ADF and NDF
Which of the following can be used to predict digestibility of fiber for ruminants?
a. ATP
b. ADF
c. NDF
d. NFE
e. VFA
ADF
Which of the following can be used to predict intake of fiber for ruminants?
a. ATP
b. ADF
c. NDF
d. NFE
e. VFA
NDF
Describe why energy is not considered a nutrient per se, but it is very important from a nutrition standpoint.
Energy is not a chemical (element or compound) in the diet (recall the definition of a nutrient), but the metabolism of CHO, Protein and Fats provides energy for life purposes
Describe the difference in starch and cellulose, and why this affects the CHO nutrition of monogastrics (nonruminants) and ruminants.
Starch and cellulose are both composed of glucose units, the difference being in starch (amylose) the glucose units are bound with an alpha 1,4 linkage and in cellulose the glucose units are bound with a beta 1,4 linkage. Because only MCO can break the beta 1,4 linkages (no enzyme produced by animals), monogastrics rely on starch more so because they can digest the alpha 1,4 linkages, whereas ruminants and monogastric herbivores rely on the bacteria in the rumen and large intestine to digest the cellulose which can provide VFA for energy.
