Exam 1: Introduction to General Pathology

Question 1

Give the MDx

Answer 1

Multifocal, acute renal necrosis and hemorrhage or

Multifocal, acute necrohemorrhagic nephritis

Question 2

What is the likely cause for these changes in the kidney of a puppy? Give the pathogenesis

Answer 2

CHV-1: Transmission to puppy at birth –> incubation –> viral repliation at 37 C –> endothelial cell tropism –>multifocal necrosis in numerous organs

Question 3

What is a Clinical Dx based on?

Answer 3

Case history, clinical signs, physical exam (may also including a differential Dx)

Question 4

Who said, “disease begins at the molecular and cell level”

Answer 4

Rudolph Virchow

Question 5

What is etiology?

Answer 5

The VERY SPECIFIC CAUSE of the disease;

can be genetic/intrinsic or acquired/extrinsic

Question 6

What is pathogenesis?

Answer 6

The sequence of events in disease development (from beginning to end)

Question 7

What are the four aspects of disease?

Answer 7

etiology, pathogenesis, molecular and morphological changes (in cells/organs) and clinical manifestation

Question 8

True or False: More than one etiology can lead to a disease.

Answer 8

True. Disease can be multifactorial

Question 9

What is a differential Dx?

Answer 9

a list of all the possibly diseases that could cause the symptoms/lesions

Question 10

What is the clinical pathologic diagnosis?

Answer 10

Dx based on chemical changes in fluids/bloods or structure/fcn of cells in a living patient

Question 11

What is a morphologic Dx? and what is it based on?

Answer 11

“lesion diagnosis” based on the predominant lesion in the tissue

Question 12

What are the 5 elements in a MDx?

Answer 12

1. location
2. severity
3. duration/time
4. distribution
5. nature

Question 13

What is an EDx?

Answer 13

The specific cause of the disease, definitive Dx

TWO WORDS

Question 14

Give the MDx for this image from a dog

Answer 14

Pulmonary arter: diffuse chronic arteritis with intralesional nematodes

Question 15

Give the EDx for this image from a dog

Answer 15

verminous arteritis or Dirofilarial arteritis

Question 16

Give the EDx for this image of a cat

Answer 16

bacterial dermatitis or Streptococcal dermatitis

Question 17

What is a prognosis? What is essential to making an accurate prognosis?

Answer 17

Prognosis is predicting the outcome of a disease. You must correctly diagnose the disease and have a good understanding of the disease and its pathogenesis

Question 18

What is the EDx for this image from a puppy

Answer 18

herpesviral nephritis

Question 19

What does pathognomonic mean?

Answer 19

Characteristic only of a specific disease. There are very few examples of this.

Question 20

This image from a puppy is pathognomonic for what?

Answer 20

canine herpesvirus-1 nephritis

Question 21

What is shown here? This image is pathognomonic for what?

Answer 21

negrid body in a neural cell; characteristic of Rabies

Question 22

Give the MDx for this tissue. What caused this?

Answer 22

Kidney: segmental renal cortical necrosis; caused by an infarct

Question 23

Give the MDx. What could cause this? What would you suspect if found in cattle?

Answer 23

Diffuse granulomatous enteritis – abormal thickened intestine

could be inflammation or neoplasia

enteritis in cattle suspect tuberculosis

Question 24

Give the MDx for this image from a dog

Answer 24

splenic hermangiosarcoma