Exam 1: I-II

Question 1

How are white collar crime and corporate crime different from street crime?

Answer 1

1) WCC characterized by concealment, guile, and deceit
2) Offenders are often in positions of TRUSt, and are considered respectable
3) WCC is NOT generally subject to crj system enforcement
4) Attention paid to WCC is much less and very different

Question 2

Who is Sutherland?

Answer 2

• The father of wcc research

- 1st to study wcc empirically

Question 3

Why did Sutherland begin studying wcc?

Answer 3

Grew up in a time when corporations were becoming a more powerful force in the the U.S. economy.
Then, social movements exposing the abuses of corporations (muckrakers).

Question 4

What did Sutherland find in his study of corporations?

Answer 4

1) Corporate crime was extensive/persistent
2) Offenses weren’t processed in the criminal justice system
3) More than half are habitual offenders

Question 5

___________/__________ ______ in cities, increased the prevalence of wcc, because of __________.

Answer 5

Urbanization/population growth

anonymity

Question 6

What is Sutherland’s definition of white-collar crime?

Answer 6

“Crime by a person of high social status and

respectability in the course of his occupation”

Question 7

White collar crime is?

Answer 7

1) Deceit, concealment, and guile
2) Motivated by economic gain/occupational success
3) People in positions of trust/don’t have criminal self-image
4) Legitimate Occupational Context

Question 8

What is workplace deviance?

Answer 8

broader definition of wcc that includes all of those workplace acts that violate the norms or standards of the workplace, regardless of whether they’re formally defined as illegal

Question 9

What are the 3 types of WCC definitions?

Answer 9

1) Polemical
2) Typological
3) Operational

Question 10

What is the difference between Polemical and Typological?

Answer 10

Polemical- to challenge popular conceptions of criminality

Typological- categorize into similar categories; different behaviors have to be explain in different ways

Question 11

What is the difference between Polemical and Operational?

Answer 11

Polemical- to challenge popular conceptions of criminality

Operational- defining something so it can be measured/observed

Question 12

What is the difference between Typological and Operational?

Answer 12

Typological- categorize into similar categories; different behaviors have to be explain in different ways
Operational- defining something so it can be measured/observed

Question 13

Sutherlands definition of wcc is Polemical, Typological, or Operational?

Answer 13

Polemical

Question 14

The FBI’s definition of wcc is Polemical, Typological, or Operational?

Answer 14

Typological

Question 15

List the 5 types of wcc.

Answer 15

1) Corporate Crime
2) Occupational Crimes
3) Governmental Crimes
4) State-Corporate Crime
5) Miscellaneous

Question 16

What is the difference between corporate and occupational crime?

Answer 16

Corporate Crime- for the benefit of the corporation

Occupational Crimes- takes place at the occupation for personal benefit

Question 17

What is the difference between Governmental and State-Corporate crime?

Answer 17

Governmental Crimes- crimes by government themselves, and people running for office

State-Corporate Crime- states and corporations working together

Question 18

What is miscellaneous wcc?

Answer 18

interprise crime or cybercrime

Question 19

What are the 3 major definitional debates about wcc?

Answer 19

1) Offender vs. Offense-based
2) Individuals or Corporations?
3) Violations of CRIMINAL law, or other types of law as well?

Question 20

5 concerns that scholars had about Sutherland’s use of the wcc concept?

Answer 20

1) conceptual ambiguity
2) empirical ambiguity
3) methodological ambiguity
4) legal ambiguity
5) policy ambiguity