Exam 1: Growth Hormone

Question 1

Growth Hormone AKA

Answer 1

Somatotropin

Question 2

Most important hormone for normal growth

Answer 2

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 3

Ways GH promotes growth of entire body

Answer 3

Stimulating protein synthesis and cell multiplication and differentiation

Question 4

Target cells of growth hormone

Answer 4

All cells of the body, directly or indirectly

Question 5

Metabolic effects of growth hormone

Answer 5

Increases rate of protein synthesis. Decreases catabolism of AA and proteins

Question 6

Enhances use of fat for

Answer 6

Energy

Question 7

Increases obligation of fatty acids from

Answer 7

Adipose tissue

Question 8

Ketogenic effect of excess GH

Answer 8

Fatty liver

Question 9

How does it increase lead body mass

Answer 9

Fat is the preferred substrate for energy with GH.

Enhances conversion of FA to acetyl-CoA

Question 10

CHO utilization

Answer 10

Decreases

Question 11

Amount of glucose uptake in tissues

Answer 11

Decreases

Question 12

Glucose production by liver

Answer 12

Increases

GH helps maintain a blood glucose

Question 13

GH induced insulin resistance

Answer 13

Reduces insulin’s ability to uptake and use glucose in skeletal tissue and adipose

Inhibits gluconeogenesis

Metabolic syndrome

Question 14

Stimulated by GH

Answer 14

Cartilage and bone growth

Question 15

GH has a ________ effect on cartilage and bone growth

Answer 15

Indirect

Question 16

Increases growth of skeletal frame via

Answer 16

IGF-1

Question 17

Somatomedins

Answer 17

Aka: insulin-like growth factors

Small proteins produced by liver

Prolongs effects of GH X60

Question 18

Pygmies of Africa lack

Answer 18

IGF-1

Adults rarely exceed 4’11’”

Question 19

GH effect on cartilage metabolism

Answer 19

+ DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis

Epiphyseal plates widen, more bone is laid down

Increases cartilage metabolism

Question 20

Inhibitors of GH secretion

Answer 20

1. Increase blood glucose
2. Increase blood FFA
3. Aging
4. Obesity
5. Somatostatin
6. Exogenous GH
7. Somaatomedins

Question 21

Hormones that raise blood glucose

Answer 21

GH
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Glucagon

Question 22

Regulation of GH controlled by

Answer 22

Hypothalamus

Question 23

Hypothalamus GH secretion stimulated by

Answer 23

GHRH

Question 24

Hypothalamus GH secretion inhibited by

Answer 24

Somatostatin

Question 25

GH stimulated by ______ from GI tract

Answer 25

Ghrelin

Question 26

Pulsatile pattern

Answer 26

Burst of secretion occurs every 2 hours

Largest burst occurs within 1 hour of start of sleep (NREM stages III and IV)

Question 27

Secretion throughout life

Answer 27

Increases from birth to early childhood

stable during childhood

large burst during puberty

slowly decreases after puberty as age increases

Question 28

Senescence

Answer 28

Secretory rates and pulsatility decrease to lowest levels

Question 29

Deficiency of GH in children

Answer 29

1. Failure to grow, short stature
2. Mild obesity
3. Delayed puberty

Question 30

Excess GH in children

Answer 30

Gigantism

Question 31

Excess GH after puberty

Answer 31

Acromegaly

Question 32

Treatment of gigantism and acromegaly

Answer 32

Treated with somatostatin analogs (octreotide)

Question 33

Functions of GH

Answer 33

1. Enhance body protein
2. Use up fat stores
3. Conserves carbohydrates