exam 1 fates of pyruvate Flashcards
what are the 3 fates of pyruvate?
alanine, lactate and aerobic metabolism
increased concentration of alanine ____ pyruvate kinase?
inhibits
when the energy charge is low, amino acids are broken down. As they break down they lose an amino group (NH3) Pyruvate picks up the amino group and it becomes?
alanine
alanine and pyruvate conversion is important in?
gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism
what is the equation for lactate dehydrogenase?
pyruvate + NADH -> lactate + NAD+; oxidized
when is lactic acid produced?
when glycolysis runs fast; exercising muscle, tissue without mitochondria
a moderate production of lactate _____ glycolysis?
speeds up
a large production of lactate _____ glycolysis?
inhibits
neurons use lactate for what?
to produce ATP necessary for neuronal activity
glycolysis in astrocytes produce what?
lactate
where is starch degraded?
degraded into glucose in intestines
what other carbohydrates besides glucose can be metabolized into glycolytic intermediates?
starch, stored glycogen, monosaccharides
in muscle and kidney, fructose is phosphorylated to fructose-6-phosphate by?
hexokinase
fructose enters glycolysis by converting into?
fructose-6-phosphate; though doesn’t happen much because hexokinase has much higher affinity for glucose
what is the entry point for fructose into glycolysis?
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, G3P
