exam 1 aerobic respiration/krebs

Question 1

what is aerobic respiration?

Answer 1

uptake of oxygen and release of CO2

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

1. fats, carbs, proteins oxidized to 2 carbon acetyl CoA
2. krebs cycle
3. ETC

Question 3

the aerobic system has the greatest production of?

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

formation of ATP from energy obtained by the flow of electrons down the ETC to oxygen is called?

Answer 4

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 5

what is the purpose of the krebs cycle?

Answer 5

break off CO2 and form reduced compounds (NADH, FADH2)

Question 6

what are the other names for the krebs cycle?

Answer 6

citric acid cycle, TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle)

Question 7

the krebs cycle is the final step in the oxidation of?

Answer 7

fat, carbs and protein

Question 8

the krebs cycle converts macronutrients into?

Answer 8

something that can enter the cycle

Question 9

NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to?

Answer 9

the ETC to make ATP

Question 10

How do carbs enter the krebs cycle?

Answer 10

after running through glycolysis and prep step; acetyl CoA

Question 11

how do fats enter the krebs cycle?

Answer 11

after running through B-oxidation; acetyl CoA

Question 12

how do proteins enter the krebs cycle?

Answer 12

each amino acid is unique; acetyl CoA

Question 13

oxidation of fatty acids where a 2 carbon molecule (acetyl CoA) is cleaved off a fatty acid is called?

Answer 13

beta oxidation

Question 14

where does the krebs cycle take place?

Answer 14

mitochondrial matrix

Question 15

what are pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PDH and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 5 coenzymes?

Answer 15

thiamine pyrophosphate- TPP
lipoate
CoA- pantothenic acid
flavin adenine dinucleotide- FAD- riboflavin
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- NAD- niacin

tender loving care of nancy

Question 16

which enzyme is needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA?

Answer 16

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 17

in the 1st step of the krebs cycle, oxaloacetate combines with H2O and the product is citrate. What enzyme is needed to catalyze this reaction?

Answer 17

citrate synthase

Question 18

what enzyme catalyzes the conversion from citrate to isocitrate?

Answer 18

aconitase- isomerization step; moving the OH group

Question 19

isocitrate into a-ketoglutarate is what type of reaction and what enzyme is needed?

Answer 19

it is a redox reaction and the enzyme is isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 20

a-ketoglutarate into succinyl CoA needs what enzyme?

Answer 20

a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Question 21

succinyl CoA into succinate needs what enzyme?

Answer 21

succinate thiokinase

Question 22

cleaving the thioester bond of succinyl CoA does what?

Answer 22

releases energy- the formation of GTP is coupled to this reaction

Question 23

what is the one reaction in the TCA that directly yields a high energy phosphate molecule?

Answer 23

cleaving the thioester bond of succinyl CoA; forms GTP

Question 24

what is the equation of converting GTP into ATP?

Answer 24

GTP + ADP -> GDP + ATP; nucleoside diphosphokinase

Question 25

what is the enzyme needed to convert GTP into ATP?

Answer 25

nucleoside diphosphokinase

Question 26

which enzyme is partially bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 26

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 27

which enzyme is needed to oxidize succinate into fumarate?

Answer 27

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 28

what enzyme is needed to convert fumarate into malate? What type of reaction is this?

Answer 28

fumerase, it is a hydration reaction because it adds water

Question 29

which enzyme is needed to oxidize malate into oxaloacetate?

Answer 29

malate dehydrogenase

Question 30

when you give substrates to the cycle its called?

Answer 30

anaplerotic

Question 31

when you take substrate from the cycle its called?

Answer 31

cataplerotic