exam 1 aerobic respiration/krebs Flashcards
what is aerobic respiration?
uptake of oxygen and release of CO2
What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration?
- fats, carbs, proteins oxidized to 2 carbon acetyl CoA
- krebs cycle
- ETC
the aerobic system has the greatest production of?
ATP
formation of ATP from energy obtained by the flow of electrons down the ETC to oxygen is called?
oxidative phosphorylation
what is the purpose of the krebs cycle?
break off CO2 and form reduced compounds (NADH, FADH2)
what are the other names for the krebs cycle?
citric acid cycle, TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle)
the krebs cycle is the final step in the oxidation of?
fat, carbs and protein
the krebs cycle converts macronutrients into?
something that can enter the cycle
NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to?
the ETC to make ATP
How do carbs enter the krebs cycle?
after running through glycolysis and prep step; acetyl CoA
how do fats enter the krebs cycle?
after running through B-oxidation; acetyl CoA
how do proteins enter the krebs cycle?
each amino acid is unique; acetyl CoA
oxidation of fatty acids where a 2 carbon molecule (acetyl CoA) is cleaved off a fatty acid is called?
beta oxidation
where does the krebs cycle take place?
mitochondrial matrix
what are pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PDH and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 5 coenzymes?
thiamine pyrophosphate- TPP
lipoate
CoA- pantothenic acid
flavin adenine dinucleotide- FAD- riboflavin
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- NAD- niacin
tender loving care of nancy
which enzyme is needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA?
pyruvate dehydrogenase
in the 1st step of the krebs cycle, oxaloacetate combines with H2O and the product is citrate. What enzyme is needed to catalyze this reaction?
citrate synthase
what enzyme catalyzes the conversion from citrate to isocitrate?
aconitase- isomerization step; moving the OH group
isocitrate into a-ketoglutarate is what type of reaction and what enzyme is needed?
it is a redox reaction and the enzyme is isocitrate dehydrogenase
a-ketoglutarate into succinyl CoA needs what enzyme?
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
succinyl CoA into succinate needs what enzyme?
succinate thiokinase
cleaving the thioester bond of succinyl CoA does what?
releases energy- the formation of GTP is coupled to this reaction
what is the one reaction in the TCA that directly yields a high energy phosphate molecule?
cleaving the thioester bond of succinyl CoA; forms GTP
what is the equation of converting GTP into ATP?
GTP + ADP -> GDP + ATP; nucleoside diphosphokinase
what is the enzyme needed to convert GTP into ATP?
nucleoside diphosphokinase
which enzyme is partially bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane?
succinate dehydrogenase
which enzyme is needed to oxidize succinate into fumarate?
succinate dehydrogenase
what enzyme is needed to convert fumarate into malate? What type of reaction is this?
fumerase, it is a hydration reaction because it adds water
which enzyme is needed to oxidize malate into oxaloacetate?
malate dehydrogenase
when you give substrates to the cycle its called?
anaplerotic
when you take substrate from the cycle its called?
cataplerotic
