Exam 1 - Chapter 3 - [BOOK] Flashcards

1
Q

Firms regularly need to raise new _____ to help pay for their many investment projects

A

capital

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2
Q

How can Firms raise funds

A

either by borrowing money or by selling shares in the firm. I

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3
Q

Investment bankers are generally hired to manage the sale of these securities in what is called a _____ _____ for newly issued securities.

A

primary market

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4
Q

Trades in existing securities take place in the so-called _____ ______

A

secondary market.

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5
Q

Primary market

A

Market for new issues of securities.

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6
Q

Secondary market

A

Market for already-existing securities.

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7
Q

Shares of publicly listed firms trade continually on well-known markets such as the ______ or the _______

A

New York Stock Exchange or the NASDAQ stock market.

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8
Q

There, any investor can choose to buy shares for his or her portfolio. These companies are also called _____ ____, publicly owned, or just public companies.

A

publicly traded

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9
Q

private corporations

A

whose shares are held by small numbers of managers and investors.

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10
Q

When private firms wish to raise funds, they sell shares directly to a small number of institutional or wealthy investors in a ______ _____

A

private placement.

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11
Q

private placement

A

Primary offerings in which shares are sold directly to a small group of institutional or wealthy investors.

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12
Q

This first issue of shares to the general public is called the firm’s ____ _____ _____

A

initial public offering (IPO).

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13
Q

initial public offering (IPO)

A

First public sale of stock by a formerly private company.

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14
Q

underwriters

A

Underwriters purchase securities from the issuing company and resell them to the public.

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15
Q

prospectus

A

prospectus

A description of the firm and the security it is issuing.

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16
Q

Types of Markets

We can differentiate four types of markets:

A

direct search markets
brokered markets
dealer markets
auction markets

17
Q

DIRECT SEARCH MARKETS 

A

A direct search market is the least organized market. Buyers and sellers must seek each other out directly.

18
Q

BROKERED MARKETS 

A

The next level of organization is a brokered market. In markets where trading in a good is active, brokers find it profitable to offer search services to buyers and sellers.

19
Q

DEALER MARKETS

A

When trading activity in a particular type of asset increases, dealer markets arise. Dealers specialize in various assets, purchase these assets for their own accounts, and later sell them for a profit from their inventory. T

20
Q

dealer markets

A

Markets in which traders specializing in particular assets buy and sell for their own accounts.

21
Q

AUCTION MARKETS 

A

The most integrated market is an auction market, in which all traders converge at one place (either physically or “electronically”) to buy or sell an asset.

22
Q

An exchange or electronic platform where all traders can convene to buy or sell an asset.
What definition is this

A

auction market

23
Q

The price at which a dealer or other trader is willing to purchase a security.

A

bid price

24
Q

The price at which a dealer or other trader will sell a security.

A

ask (or asked) price

25
Q

The difference between the bid and asked prices.

A

bid–ask spread

26
Q

An order specifying a price at which an investor is willing to buy or sell a security.

A

limit buy (sell) order

27
Q

over-the-counter (OTC) market

A

An informal network of brokers and dealers who negotiate sales of securities.

28
Q

NASDAQ Stock Market

A

The computer-linked price quotation and trade execution system.

29
Q

electronic communication networks (ECNs)

A

Computer networks that allow direct trading without the need for market makers.

30
Q

specialist

A

A company that makes a market in the shares of one or more firms and that maintains a “fair and orderly market” by trading for its own inventory of shares.

31
Q

Secondary markets where already-issued securities are bought and sold by members.

A

stock exchanges

32
Q

The time it takes to accept, process, and deliver a trading order.

A

latency

33
Q

The use of computer programs to make rapid trading decisions.

A

algorithmic trading

34
Q

A subset of algorithmic trading that relies on computer programs to make very rapid trading decisions.

A

high-frequency trading

35
Q

Large transactions in which at least 10,000 shares of stock are bought or sold.

A

blocks

36
Q

Electronic trading networks where participants can anonymously buy or sell large blocks of securities.

A

dark pools

37
Q

Describes securities purchased with money borrowed in part from a broker. The margin is the net worth of the investor’s account.

A

margin