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CBIO 2200 > Exam 1 - Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of structure (what it is)

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of function

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3
Q

saying about anatomy and physiology order

A

form follows function

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4
Q

living things

A

must have all the characteristics of life

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5
Q

what are the characteristics of life?

A

organization, metabolism, responsiveness, development, homeostasis, evolution

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6
Q

organization

A

more complex structured are built of functional units

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7
Q

functional unit is called

A

a cell

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8
Q

the smallest living thing is

A

a cell

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9
Q

are organelles alive

A

no, organelles make up living cells

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10
Q

metabolism

A

the chemical reactions of the body

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11
Q

the energy brought into the body is converted into ___ to be used for ___

A

converted into ATP to be used for cellular functions

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12
Q

responsiveness

A

ability to sense changes and react to them

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13
Q

changes that lead to reactions are called

A

stimuli

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14
Q

development

A

changes in organism over time

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15
Q

two ways that organisms can develop

A

growth or differentiation

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16
Q

growth

A

increase in size or number of cells

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17
Q

differentiation

A

change of cells from general to specialized

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18
Q

reproduction

A

produce new cells or new organisms

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19
Q

homeostasis

A

ability to maintain internal stability

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20
Q

evolution

A

changes in a population over generations

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21
Q

ways evolution can occur

A

genetic mutations, survival of the fittest, reproduction

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22
Q

can evolution occur in an individual?

A

no, only in a population

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23
Q

least to most complex levels of human structure

A

atom, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

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24
Q

atom

A

smallest unit of matter

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25
molecule
two or more atoms bonded together to form a complex molecule
26
macromolecule
a large molecule (many atoms)
27
organelle
component of a cell with a specific structure
28
cell
functional unit of life
29
most basic definition of a cell
cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane
30
tissue
a group of similar cells, their products, and the materials surrounding those cells
31
mitochondria is what level of structure?
organelle
32
example of a type of tissue
muscular tissue
33
organ
two or more tissues that function together
34
biceps brachii is what level of structure?
organ: muscle and tendon
35
organ system
multiple organs functioning together
36
how many organ systems are in the human body?
11
37
organism
multiple organ systems that function together
38
function is related to
structure
39
metabolism is powered by
energy
40
energy is created by
breaking of molecular bonds
41
information flow
information travels in a consistent way through the nervous system
42
an afferent signal is the
input
43
an efferent signal is the
output
44
information flow steps
stimulus, afferent signal, control center, efferent signal, response
45
gradient
a system in which there is a difference in the amount of anything between two points
46
example of a gradient
oxygen levels
47
diffusion
spontaneous movement from high concentration to low concentration
48
do components flow up or down the gradient?
flow down
49
what is needed for components to move up the gradient?
energy
50
concentration gradient
move from point a to b
51
blood sugar levels are an example of what type of gradient?
concentration
52
temperature gradient
difference in temperature between points
53
body temperature is what type of gradient?
temperature
54
pressure gradient
difference in pressure between points
55
blood flow is an example of what type of gradient?
pressure
56
electrical gradient
difference in charge
57
ionized molecules coming in and out of cells are what type of gradient?
electrical
58
homeostasis
maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
59
homeostasis is controlled by
feedback systems
60
what are the two types of feedback systems?
negative and positive
61
negative feedback system
opposes change to maintain homeostasis
62
does a negative feedback system try to increase or decrease the change?
decrease
63
thermoregulation and blood pressure regulation are examples of which type of feedback system?
negative
64
are negative feedback systems largely good or bad for the body?
good
65
positive feedback system
amplifies change and opposes homeostasis
66
does a positive feedback system increase or decrease change?
increase
67
are positive feedback systems largely good or bad for the body?
bad
68
example of a good positive feedback system in the body
contractions in childbirth
69
components of homeostasis
variable, set point, normal range, equilibrium, stimulus, receptor, control center, effector
70
variable
physiologic component being maintained
71
set point
ideal normal value of a particular variable
72
a body temperature of 98.6 is an example of a
set point
73
normal range
values of a variable that fluctuate around a set point that are acceptable
74
equilibrium
dynamic state of balance achieved by homeostasis
75
a stimulus does what to a variable's homeostasis?
deviates away from the set point
76
receptor
monitors the value of a variable
77
control center
establishes the set point
78
effector
anatomical structure that can change the value of a variable
79
Mnemonic for Characteristics of Life
MR. Holtz Does Exercise Often

CBIO 2200 (8 decks)

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