Exam 1: Attachment Flashcards
What is a critical period in prenatal development?
A. A time when the fetus is most active
B. A limited time when an external event must occur to have a lasting effect
C. A phase of rapid growth
D. A period of sensory development
B. A limited time when an external event must occur to have a lasting effect
Who proposed the critical period for maternal bonding immediately after delivery?
A. John Bowlby
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Klaus and Kennell
D. Harry Harlow
C. Klaus and Kennell
What did Klaus and Kennell’s research find regarding maternal bonding?
A. It had no impact on hospital practices.
B. Extended contact with newborns improved bonding.
C. Mothers are less open to bonding after delivery.
D. Babies do not recognize their mothers at birth.
B. Extended contact with newborns improved bonding.
Which of the following describes Bowlby’s theory of attachment?
A. Attachment is solely based on feeding.
B. Attachment develops gradually and reflects a one-way relationship.
C. Attachment develops gradually and reflects a two-way relationship.
D. Attachment does not evolve over time.
C. Attachment develops gradually and reflects a two-way relationship.
What are the characteristic behaviors of true attachment as described by Bowlby?
A. Crying and sleeping
B. Proximity maintenance, separation protest, and stranger wariness
C. Feeding and cuddling
D. Visual and auditory discrimination
B. Proximity maintenance, separation protest, and stranger wariness
According to Bowlby, at what age does separation protest typically peak?
A. 3-6 months
B. 6-12 months
C. 12-18 months
D. 18-24 months
C. 12-18 months
Which of the following is a factor that promotes attachment?
A. Lack of visual stimuli
B. Feeding alone
C. Features attracting adults, such as gazing and smiling
D. Isolation from caregivers
C. Features attracting adults, such as gazing and smiling
What evidence challenges the idea that feeding is the primary factor in forming attachments?
A. Babies prefer feeding over cuddling.
B. Harlow’s monkeys preferred a cloth mother over a wire mother.
C. Babies only bond with their biological mothers.
D. Feeding creates a stronger bond than physical contact.
B. Harlow’s monkeys preferred a cloth mother over a wire mother.
What type of contact is important for fostering attachment, according to the notes?
A. Only physical contact
B. Psychological contact involving visual and auditory stimulation
C. Feeding contact exclusively
D. Minimal interaction
B. Psychological contact involving visual and auditory stimulation
Which of the following describes the phase of “undiscriminating social responsiveness” in Bowlby’s attachment theory?
A. Infants are responsive to all social stimuli without preference.
B. Infants show a clear preference for specific caregivers.
C. Infants do not respond to social interactions.
D. Infants only respond to familiar voices.
A. Infants are responsive to all social stimuli without preference.
What is the main focus of ethology in relation to attachment?
A. The role of nutrition in development
B. Inborn patterns of behavior that help animals adapt to their environment
C. The impact of cultural practices on bonding
D. The effects of visual stimulation on attachment
B. Inborn patterns of behavior that help animals adapt to their environment
Which of the following behaviors typically peaks just before 1 year of age according to Bowlby’s theory?
A. Separation protest
B. Stranger wariness
C. Proximity maintenance
D. Undiscriminating social responsiveness
B. Stranger wariness
In Bowlby’s attachment phases, what does the “qualitative changes” phase refer to?
A. Changes in feeding habits
B. Changes in attachment behavior and quality
C. Changes in physical development
D. Changes in social interactions with peers
B. Changes in attachment behavior and quality
According to the notes, what type of interaction patterns promote attachment in infants?
A. Unpredictable and sporadic
B. Contingent responsiveness and dependable interactions
C. Exclusively physical interactions
D. Solely visual interactions
B. Contingent responsiveness and dependable interactions
Which of the following statements about body contact and attachment is true?
A. Body contact is the only factor for forming attachments.
B. Some animals show attachment without physical contact.
C. Feeding always requires physical contact to form a bond.
D. Body contact is irrelevant to attachment formation.
B. Some animals show attachment without physical contact.
What type of stimulation do babies need from their caregivers to form attachments?
A. Visual and auditory stimulation
B. Only auditory stimulation
C. Visual stimulation only
D. Physical contact only
A. Visual and auditory stimulation
Which factor is NOT associated with psychological contact in attachment?
A. Sensitivity to infant’s signals
B. Contingent responsiveness
C. Distance between caregiver and infant
D. Established dependable interaction patterns
C. Distance between caregiver and infant
What does Bowlby’s perspective on attachment emphasize?
A. Attachment is solely a learned behavior.
B. Attachment is a universal adaptive characteristic.
C. Attachment is only relevant during infancy.
D. Attachment does not vary among individuals.
B. Attachment is a universal adaptive characteristic.
In Ainsworth’s “Strange Situation,” which episode occurs first?
A. Mother and baby
B. Baby alone
C. Stranger with baby
D. Mother, baby, observer
D. Mother, baby, observer
Which type of attachment is characterized by a lack of distress when the caregiver leaves?
A. Secure
B. Insecure Avoidant (Type A)
C. Insecure Resistant/Ambivalent (Type C)
D. Disorganized/Disoriented (Type D)
B. Insecure Avoidant (Type A)
What are the maternal predictors of secure attachment?
A. Sensitivity, acceptance, cooperation, accessibility
B. Strictness, dominance, discipline
C. Indifference, inconsistency, rejection
D. Overprotection, control, emotional distance
A. Sensitivity, acceptance, cooperation, accessibility
Which characteristic is likely to decrease the chances of secure attachment in infants?
A. Calm temperament
B. Fussy or difficult temperament
C. High adaptability
D. Strong curiosity
B. Fussy or difficult temperament
What aspect of attachment does the “Attachment and Daycare” film clip highlight?
A. The importance of physical feeding
B. The role of psychological contact and social referencing
C. The irrelevance of attachment in daycare settings
D. The negative effects of breastfeeding
B. The role of psychological contact and social referencing
Which of the following is a consequence of secure attachment?
A. Increased behavioral problems
B. Poor self-esteem
C. Good self-esteem
D. Difficulty coping with novelty
C. Good self-esteem
What is a warning mentioned regarding the “feeding hypothesis” in attachment?
A. It only applies to breastfeeding.
B. It is misleading and refers to feeding in general.
C. It suggests that feeding is the only factor in attachment.
D. It claims that feeding has no impact on attachment.
B. It is misleading and refers to feeding in general.
Which of the following attachment types involves significant distress during separation and seeks proximity upon reunion?
A. Insecure Avoidant (Type A)
B. Insecure Resistant/Ambivalent (Type C)
C. Secure (Type B)
D. Disorganized/Disoriented (Type D)
B. Insecure Resistant/Ambivalent (Type C)
According to the Roedell & Slaby study, what are the three modes of interaction observed in caregiver-infant relationships?
A. Interactive, passive, and reactive
B. Proximal, distal, and non-interactive
C. Active, dormant, and responsive
D. Close, distant, and indifferent
B. Proximal, distal, and non-interactive
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of secure attachment?
A. Difficulty with peer relationships
B. Good problem-solving skills
C. High social competence
D. Independence
A. Difficulty with peer relationships
Which factor is considered to contribute to the quality of attachment in infants?
A. The infant’s feeding habits
B. The infant’s temperament
C. The physical appearance of the caregiver
D. The age of the caregiver
B. The infant’s temperament
What critical aspect does Bowlby’s theory emphasize in the development of attachment?
A. The importance of genetic factors
B. The role of environmental stimuli and interactions
C. The influence of societal norms
D. The impact of individual achievements
B. The role of environmental stimuli and interactions
