Application: Gender Development (LEC) Flashcards
You are observing a 6-month-old infant who reacts differently to male and female faces. Based on developmental milestones, what can
you conclude?
A. The infant is unusually advanced in gender categorization.
B. The infant has reached the typical age to discriminate male from female faces.
C. This reaction indicates the infant has internalized gender stereotypes.
D. This behavior suggests the infant has advanced language comprehension.
B. The infant has reached the typical age to discriminate male from female faces.
A 12-month-old child hears a male voice and looks toward a male face on a screen. This behavior supports findings from which study?
A. Katz & Kofkin on self-labeling
B. Poulin-Dubois et al. on voice-face associations
C. Banse et al. on stereotype flexibility
D. Fagan on face discrimination
B. Poulin-Dubois et al. on voice-face associations
A 2-year-old is sorting pictures of people by gender but often makes mistakes. This aligns with findings by Katz & Kofkin that show what percentage of children self-label correctly at this age?
A. 16%
B. 33%
C. 50%
D. 89%
B. 33%
Imagine you are testing a 5-year-old’s stereotype knowledge of toys. Based on (Sex role learning index) SERLI results, which outcome is most likely?
A. The child would not yet have developed knowledge of toy stereotypes.
B. The child would show high knowledge of stereotypical toy associations.
C. The child would show equal knowledge of masculine and feminine stereotypes.
D. The child would demonstrate more knowledge about adult occupations than toys.
B. The child would show high knowledge of stereotypical toy associations.
A child predicts that a boy prefers trucks and a girl prefers dolls, but also recognizes that both children might play with blocks. This child is likely demonstrating:
A. Stereotype rigidity
B. Stereotype flexibility
C. Gender-role reversal
D. Lack of stereotype knowledge
B. Stereotype flexibility
In a study, children were asked to rate a classmate who didn’t conform to typical gender roles. They rated the classmate as less popular and shared fewer stickers with them. What does this study by Kwan et al. highlight?
A. Early signs of cognitive maturity
B. The influence of media on gender roles
C. The social costs of gender nonconformity
D. High stereotype flexibility in young children
C. The social costs of gender nonconformity
A parent observes that their 2-year-old daughter prefers to play with trucks over dolls. Based on research on toy preferences, which explanation is most consistent with the evidence?
A. The child is developing atypically and needs intervention.
B. Toy preferences are rigidly determined by gender stereotypes by this age.
C. Some children naturally deviate from gender norms despite societal expectations.
D. Parental reinforcement always determines toy preferences.
C. Some children naturally deviate from gender norms despite societal expectations.
A 10-year-old girl aspires to become an astronaut, a traditionally masculine occupation. What does this reflect about occupational aspirations across development?
A. Girls rarely aspire to masculine occupations.
B. Gender differences in aspirations disappear by adolescence.
C. Older girls are more likely to aspire to masculine occupations than younger girls.
D. Occupational aspirations are not influenced by gender stereotypes.
C. Older girls are more likely to aspire to masculine occupations than younger girls.
A teacher notices that a group of boys often plays rough-and-tumble games while a group of girls engages in cooperative play. This difference in play behavior is consistent with research findings on which type of gender difference?
A. Cognitive skills
B. Toy preferences
C. Aggression types
D. Occupational aspirations
C. Aggression types
In an experiment, (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia) CAH girls were found to play with more masculine toys than control girls. Which explanation best accounts for this behavior?
A. Gender roles imposed by parents
B. Exposure to higher levels of prenatal androgens
C. Lack of gender stereotype knowledge
D. Differences in cognitive maturity
B. Exposure to higher levels of prenatal androgens
A child watches a cartoon where boys are praised for playing sports and girls are praised for baking. What impact is this media likely to have on the child’s gender cognition?
A. It will reduce the child’s stereotype knowledge.
B. It may reinforce traditional gender stereotypes.
C. It will make the child more flexible about gender roles.
D. It has no influence on children’s gender development.
B. It may reinforce traditional gender stereotypes.
A 7-year-old child begins questioning why only boys in their family are allowed to mow the lawn. This reflects a transition described in Damon’s theory as a shift from:
A. Moral rules to cognitive flexibility
B. Social conventions to cognitive rigidity
C. Moral rules to social conventions
D. Gender rigidity to gender stereotyping
C. Moral rules to social conventions
A child sees a tomboy and assumes she prefers playing soccer over playing with dolls. This aligns with findings from which study?
A. Martin’s study on stereotypic inferences
B. Katz & Kofkin on self-labeling
C. Banse et al. on stereotype knowledge
D. Langlois & Downs on media influences
A. Martin’s study on stereotypic inferences
A 5-year-old boy consistently performs better than his classmates in mental rotation tasks. What trend does this reflect?
A. Boys tend to excel in spatial skills, which emerge in late childhood.
B. Spatial skills are completely unaffected by gender.
C. Verbal skills are typically stronger in boys of this age.
D. Early spatial skills are strongly influenced by stereotype knowledge.
A. Boys tend to excel in spatial skills, which emerge in late childhood.
A researcher integrates biological, socialization, and cognitive approaches to explain gender differences in toy preferences. This conclusion reflects which key understanding of gender development?
A. Biological approaches alone explain gendered behaviors.
B. No single approach fully accounts for gender development.
C. Socialization theories are the most reliable framework.
D. Cognitive approaches are incompatible with biological perspectives.
B. No single approach fully accounts for gender development.
