Ch. 2 Prenatal Development Flashcards
- The single cell that forms when two gametes merge during conception is called the
a. zygote.
b. ova.
c. sperm.
d. embryo.
a. zygote.
- Which process of prenatal development is critical to the specialization of cells?
a. Cell division
b. Synaptogenesis
c. Cell differentiation
d. Apoptosis
c. Cell differentiation
- Harry and Ron are genetically identical twins and are referred to as . Althea (a genetic female) and Stephen (a genetic male) are also twins but are twins.
a. monozygotic; identical
b. dizygotic; fraternal
c. dizygotic; monozygotic
d. monozygotic; dizygotic
d. monozygotic; dizygotic
- Which system protects the developing embryo from dangerous toxins?
a. Amniotic sac
b. Placenta
c. Umbilical cord
d. Neural tube
b. Placenta
- The disproportionately large head of a 5-month-old fetus is a typical result of the normal process of
a. cephalocaudal development.
b. proximal–distal development.
c. lateral development.
d. bottom-up development.
a. cephalocaudal development.
- Which sense is the least active while the fetus is in the womb?
a. Hearing
b. Smell
c. Taste
d. Sight
d. Sight
- Logan’s dad is thrilled as Logan laughs each time he shows him a new toy: a monkey that squeaks when he pushes on its belly. After repeated exposure to the squeaking monkey, Logan becomes bored and no longer laughs. This process is known as
a. habituation.
b. dishabituation.
c. classical conditioning.
d. operant conditioning.
a. habituation.
- The DeCasper and Spence study, in which pregnant parents read aloud twice a day from the same book during their last 6 weeks of pregnancy, was designed to assess
a. fetal attention.
b. fetal learning.
c. infant attention.
d. infant learning.
b. fetal learning.
- Which does not influence the severity of the effect of a teratogen on a developing fetus?
a. Timing of exposure
b. Quantity of exposure
c. Duration of exposure
d. Number of previous pregnancies of the parent
d. Number of previous pregnancies of the parent
- Which is not a symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome disorder?
a. Facial deformities
b. Intellectual disability
c. Underactivity
d. Attention problems
c. Underactivity
- Studies suggest that the squeezing that a fetus experiences during delivery serves several important functions. Which is not one of them?
a. It temporarily reduces the size of the infant’s head, allowing it to pass safely through the pelvic bones.
b.It squeezes fluid from the ear canals, allowing the baby to hear.
c. It stimulates the production of hormones that help the fetus withstand mild oxygen deprivation.
d. It forces amniotic fluid out of the lungs, in preparation for the baby’s first breaths.
b.It squeezes fluid from the ear canals, allowing the baby to hear.
- Which is a characteristic of non–rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep?
a. Irregular heart rate
b. Irregular breathing
c. Quick, jerky eye movements
d. Slow brain waves
d. Slow brain waves
- Which describes an infant who is most likely suffering from colic?
a. Vivian cries for several hours a day for unexplained reasons.
b. Wen cries loudly when he is hungry.
c. LaTosha cries when she is placed in her crib.
d. Emelie rarely cries.
a. Vivian cries for several hours a day for unexplained reasons.
- Which of these interventions are parents of low-birth-weight infants encouraged to use to support development and promote survival?
a. Parental training in child development
b. Gentle massage
c. Kangaroo care
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
- What does the multiple-risk model suggest about negative developmental outcomes?
a. Each risk factor will produce a unique negative outcome.
b. The presence of one risk factor increases the likelihood that another risk factor will emerge in the future.
c. The more risk factors that are present, the more likely and worse the potential outcomes will be.
d. The presence of more risk factors increases the likelihood that a child will develop resilience.
c. The more risk factors that are present, the more likely and worse the potential outcomes will be.
