Application: Peer Relations (LEC)

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the trend in time spent with peers as children grow older?

A. Children prefer peers over adults as early as 1-2 years.

B. Peer interactions dominate by the age of 3-4 years.

C. A significant shift towards peer interactions begins around 5-6 years.

D. Peer preference remains consistent from birth to adolescence

Answer 1

C. A significant shift towards peer interactions begins around 5-6 years.

Question 2

What sociometric classification is characterized by high positive and high negative nominations and is the least stable?

A. Popular
B. Rejected
C. Controversial
D. Neglected

Answer 2

C. Controversial

Question 3

A child who is frequently overlooked by peers but does not experience active dislike is likely classified as:

A. Popular
B. Rejected
C. Neglected
D. Average

Answer 3

C. Neglected

Question 4

Which of the following is a potential long-term consequence of poor peer relationships?

A. Increased school engagement
B. Improved mental health
C. Delinquency in adolescence
D. Higher academic performance

Answer 4

C. Delinquency in adolescence

Question 5

Longitudinal studies show that aggression at age 7 negatively correlates with popularity at age 10. What is the correlation coefficient for this relationship?

A. -0.33
B. 0.33
C. -0.39
D. 0.37

Answer 5

A. -0.33

Question 6

Which of the following factors is NOT a predictor of peer status?

A. Physical attractiveness
B. Birth order
C. Parental smoking habits
D. Role-taking ability

Answer 6

C. Parental smoking habits

Question 7

How does peer influence compare to parental influence during adolescence according to the Hoving study?

A. Parents dominate all aspects of influence during adolescence.

B. Peer influence peaks in the 9th grade, while parental influence remains significant in academics and aspirations.

C. Peer influence replaces parental influence completely by high school.

D. Adolescents reject both parental and peer influences equally.

Answer 7

B. Peer influence peaks in the 9th grade, while parental influence remains significant in academics and aspirations.

Question 8

What distinguishes popular children from unpopular children in how positive acts are attributed?

A. Popular children attribute positive acts to external, unstable causes.

B. Unpopular children attribute positive acts to internal, stable causes.

C. Popular children attribute positive acts to internal, stable causes.

D. Unpopular children attribute positive acts to external, stable causes

Answer 8

C. Popular children attribute positive acts to internal, stable causes.

Popular children: When they perform positive acts (e.g., being kind or helping others), they tend to believe these acts are due to their internal, stable qualities, such as being a good or kind person. This means they view their positive behaviors as a reflection of their enduring personality, which reinforces their self-esteem and social confidence. For example: “I helped because I’m thoughtful.”

Unpopular children: When they perform positive acts, they are more likely to attribute these actions to external, unstable causes, such as luck or a specific situation. This undermines their confidence because they don’t see their positive behavior as something they can replicate consistently. For example: “I only helped because the teacher was watching.”

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the role of peers in influencing antisocial behavior during adolescence?

A. Peers encourage antisocial behavior in most cases.

B. Peers discourage antisocial behavior more often than they encourage it.

C. Peers have no influence on antisocial behavior.

D. Parents primarily influence antisocial behavior, not peers

Answer 9

B. Peers discourage antisocial behavior more often than they encourage it.

Question 10

In the Chassin et al. study, what is the effect of mothers discussing smoking with their children?

A. It increases the likelihood of child smoking.

B. It has no significant impact on child smoking.

C. It reduces the likelihood of child smoking.

D. It leads to children relying more on peer influence.

Answer 10

C. It reduces the likelihood of child smoking.

Question 11

Which age group shows the greatest increase in time spent with peers relative to adults?

A. 1-2 years
B. 3-4 years
C. 7-8 years
D. 9-10 years

Answer 11

D. 9-10 years

Question 12

How do popular children typically explain their positive actions?

A. As being caused by external, stable factors.

B. As being due to internal, stable traits.

C. As accidental or lucky events.

D. As being influenced by their peers.

Answer 12

B. As being due to internal, stable traits.

Question 13

When unpopular children perform positive acts, they are most likely to attribute them to:

A. Their own consistent, positive traits.

B. Situational factors or luck.

C. Stable and internal qualities.

D. Peer pressure or external encouragement.

Answer 13

B. Situational factors or luck.

Question 14

What kind of attribution reinforces the self-esteem of popular children when they engage in positive behaviors?

A. Internal and stable attributions.

B. External and stable attributions.

C. Internal and unstable attributions.

D. External and unstable attributions.

Answer 14

A. Internal and stable attributions.

Question 15

Which attribution pattern is most likely to harm the social confidence of unpopular children?

A. Viewing their positive actions as internal and stable.

B. Seeing their positive actions as external and unstable.

C. Attributing their positive acts to consistent personality traits.

D. Believing their positive acts are admired by peers.

Answer 15

B. Seeing their positive actions as external and unstable.

Question 16

A child who is neither actively liked nor disliked by peers is most likely classified as:

A. Popular
B. Neglected
C. Rejected
D. Controversial

Answer 16

B. Neglected

Question 17

Which sociometric classification is characterized by high positive and low negative nominations?

A. Controversial
B. Neglected
C. Popular
D. Rejected

Answer 17

C. Popular

Question 18

A child who receives low positive nominations and high negative nominations on a sociometric test is classified as:

A. Average
B. Popular
C. Neglected
D. Rejected

Answer 18

D. Rejected

Question 19

Which sociometric group is marked by low positive and low negative nominations, indicating the child is often overlooked but not actively disliked?

A. Neglected
B. Popular
C. Rejected
D. Controversial

Answer 19

A. Neglected

Question 20

Children who receive moderate levels of both positive and negative nominations in sociometric tests are classified as:

A. Controversial
B. Neglected
C. Average
D. Popular

Answer 20

C. Average

Question 21

A 15-year-old student who struggles to maintain positive peer relationships is most at risk for which of the following outcomes?

A. Improved school performance and increased confidence.

B. School dropout and adjustment problems.

C. Stronger relationships with teachers and other adults.

D. Increased likelihood of becoming class president.

Answer 21

B. School dropout and adjustment problems.

Question 22

What consequence is a child who consistently faces peer rejection most likely to encounter during adolescence?

A. Increased likelihood of mental health issues.

B. Greater popularity among peers later in life.

C. Higher academic achievement.

D. Improved ability to form friendships.

Answer 22

A. Increased likelihood of mental health issues.

Question 23

A child who is frequently rejected by peers and struggles to develop friendships is more likely to:

A. Develop strong leadership skills in adulthood.

B. Exhibit adjustment problems during adolescence.

C. Build better relationships with siblings to compensate.

D. Gain popularity through academic achievements.

Answer 23

B. Exhibit adjustment problems during adolescence.

Question 24

A 14-year-old student is deciding which extracurricular activities to join. She chooses activities her friends participate in over those her parents suggested. This decision is most influenced by:

A. Sibling pressure.
B. Parental guidance.
C. Peer influence.
D. Academic aspirations.

Answer 24

C. Peer influence.

Question 25

What does the Hoving study suggest about the peak of peer influence during adolescence?

A. Peer influence is strongest in elementary school.

B. Peer influence peaks in the 9th grade.

C. Peer influence gradually declines after middle school.

D. Peer influence is constant throughout adolescence.

Answer 25

B. Peer influence peaks in the 9th grade.

Question 26

Which of the following outcomes is most likely when adolescents choose peers over parents for guidance in personal identity (“Who am I?”)?

A. Strong academic performance.

B. Increased alignment with peer group values and social norms.

C. A complete rejection of parental influence.

D. A greater focus on long-term career goals.

Answer 26

B. Increased alignment with peer group values and social norms.

Question 27

Contrary to the idea of a “stormy” adolescence, what typically limits the conflict between parent and peer influence?

A. Adolescents reject both influences equally.

B. Peers focus on identity and social norms, while parents guide academics and future aspirations.

C. Peers and parents always provide the same guidance.

D. Adolescents ignore peers and rely entirely on parents for advice.

Answer 27

B. Peers focus on identity and social norms, while parents guide academics and future aspirations.