Exam 1 Flashcards
Evidence Based Practice
Description of best practice that has been derived from review of research
Considers the setting, patient preferences and values, and clinical judgment
Pay for Performance
Reimburses providers for meeting or exceeding demonstrations of cost efficient and quality care
Nursing Care Center National Patient Safety Goals
Prevent infection (use proven guidelines to prevent infections of the urinary tract that are caused by catheters)
Improve staff communication (get important test results to the right staff person on time)
Core Measures
Sets of performance measures for hospitals
Gauge how well hospital gives care compared to evidence based guidelines and standards
Evidence Based Practice Tools
Bundles (sets of 3-5 EPB)
Clinical guidelines
Algorithms
Care mapping
Multidisciplinary action plans (MAPs)
Clinical pathways
Chronic Diseases
Most common causes of death in the US
7/10 leading causes of death
Include cardiovascular, chronic lung disease, cancers, diabetes
Primary Prevention
Health promotion
Specific protection
Secondary Prevention
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment
Disability limitation
Tertiary Prevention
Rehabilitation
Management of Chronic Illness
Live with symptoms or disabilities
Identity changes may occur (complications can interfere with ADLs)
Lifestyle changes (learn to manage their chronic diseases and change their schedule and ADLs accordingly)
Emotional reactions such as shock, anger, resentment
Chronic Illness Pre-Trajectory
Genetic or lifestyle predisposition
Encourage genetic counseling
Primary prevention would be helped with by the nurse
Chronic Illness Trajectory Onset
Appearance of noticeable symptoms
Diagnosis work up
Nurse must explain exams and procedures, help with emotional space
Chronic Illness Stable
Illness is under control
Nurse gives positive reinforcement, encourages health screenings
Chronic Illness Unstable
Inability to control symptoms
May have problems with ADLs, may need more diagnostic tests
Nurse reinforces previous education, educates on new additions
Chronic Illness Acute
Severe or unrelieved symptoms
Management in hospital or acute care facility
Nurse provides direct care and emotional support
Chronic Illness Crisis
Critical or life-threatening situation
Nurse will be providing direct care and emotional support
Chronic Illness Comeback
Gradual return to acceptable way of life
Presence of some disabilities
Nurse provides positive support
Chronic Illness Downward
Progressive (rapid or gradual) decline in health
Increasing physical disability
Continually readapting to illness
Home-care, community-based care
Nurse helps to identify and encourage end-of-life preferences and planning
Chronic Illness Dying
Final weeks before death
Disengagement and closure
No longer able to make end-of-life preferences
Nurse provides direct and supportive care to the patient and family
Disability
Lack of ability to complete an activity in a normal manner
Severe Disability
Unable to perform one or more activities, uses an assistive device for mobility or needs help from another person to accomplish basic activities, receives federal benefits because of an inability to work
Impairment
Loss or abnormality in body structure or function, including mental function
Categories of Disabilities
Developmental (birth-22 years old)
Acquired
Sensory, Learning, Communication, Limit Participation, Visible vs. Invisible
Acquired Disabilities
Acute Traumatic: traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury
Acute Non Traumatic: stroke, heart attack
Chronic Progressive: arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis