Chapter 54 Vocab Flashcards
Acute Kidney Injury
Rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys; formerly called acute renal failure
Acute Nephritic Syndrome
Type of renal failure with glomerular inflammation
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Type of acute kidney injury in which there is damage to the kidney tubules
Anuria
Total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 hours
Arteriovenous Fistula
Type of vascular access for dialysis; created by surgically connecting an artery to a vein
Arteriovenous Graft
Type of surgically created vascular access for dialysis by which a piece of biologic, semibiologic, or synthetic graft material connects the patient’s artery to a vein
Azotemia
Abnormal concentration of nitrogenous wastes in the blood
Chronic Kidney Disease
Kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate lasting for 3 or more months
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Method of peritoneal dialysis whereby a patient manually performs exchanges or cycles throughout the day
Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis
Method of peritoneal dialysis in which a peritoneal dialysis machine (cycler) automatically performs exchanges, usually while the patient sleeps
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Method used to replace normal kidney function by circulating the patient’s blood through a hemofilter and returning it to the patient
Dialysate
The electrolyte solution that circulates through the dialyzer in hemodialysis and through the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis
Dialyzer
Artificial kidney; contains a semipermeable membrane through which particles of a certain size can pass
Diffusion
Movement of solutes (waste products) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Effluent
Term used to describe the drained fluid from a peritoneal dialysis exchange
End-Stage Kidney Disease
Final stage of chronic kidney disease that results in retention of uremic waste products and the need for renal replacement therapies; also called chronic renal failure
Exchange
Denotes a complete cycle including fill, dwell, and drain phases of peritoneal dialysis
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries
Hemodialysis
Procedure during which a patient’s blood is circulated through a dialyzer to remove waste products and excess fluid
Interstitial Nephritis
Inflammation within the renal tissue
Nephrosclerosis
Hardening of the renal arteries
Nephrotic Syndrome
Type of renal failure with increased glomerular permeability and massive proteinuria
Nephrotoxic
Any substance, medication, or action that destroys kidney tissue
Oliguria
Urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr
Osmosis
Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
Peritoneal Dialysis
Procedure that uses the lining of the patient’s peritoneal cavity as the semipermeable membrane for exchange of fluid and solutes
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneal membrane
Polyuria
Large amounts of urine
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis
Ultrafiltration
Process whereby water is removed from the blood by means of a pressure gradient between the patient’s blood and the dialysate
Uremia
An excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
Urinary Casts
Proteins secreted by damaged kidney tubules
