Chapter 54 Vocab

Question 1

Acute Kidney Injury

Answer 1

Rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys; formerly called acute renal failure

Question 2

Acute Nephritic Syndrome

Answer 2

Type of renal failure with glomerular inflammation

Question 3

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Answer 3

Type of acute kidney injury in which there is damage to the kidney tubules

Question 4

Anuria

Answer 4

Total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 hours

Question 5

Arteriovenous Fistula

Answer 5

Type of vascular access for dialysis; created by surgically connecting an artery to a vein

Question 6

Arteriovenous Graft

Answer 6

Type of surgically created vascular access for dialysis by which a piece of biologic, semibiologic, or synthetic graft material connects the patient’s artery to a vein

Question 7

Azotemia

Answer 7

Abnormal concentration of nitrogenous wastes in the blood

Question 8

Chronic Kidney Disease

Answer 8

Kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate lasting for 3 or more months

Question 9

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 9

Method of peritoneal dialysis whereby a patient manually performs exchanges or cycles throughout the day

Question 10

Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 10

Method of peritoneal dialysis in which a peritoneal dialysis machine (cycler) automatically performs exchanges, usually while the patient sleeps

Question 11

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Answer 11

Method used to replace normal kidney function by circulating the patient’s blood through a hemofilter and returning it to the patient

Question 12

Dialysate

Answer 12

The electrolyte solution that circulates through the dialyzer in hemodialysis and through the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis

Question 13

Dialyzer

Answer 13

Artificial kidney; contains a semipermeable membrane through which particles of a certain size can pass

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

Movement of solutes (waste products) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 15

Effluent

Answer 15

Term used to describe the drained fluid from a peritoneal dialysis exchange

Question 16

End-Stage Kidney Disease

Answer 16

Final stage of chronic kidney disease that results in retention of uremic waste products and the need for renal replacement therapies; also called chronic renal failure

Question 17

Exchange

Answer 17

Denotes a complete cycle including fill, dwell, and drain phases of peritoneal dialysis

Question 18

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Answer 18

Amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time

Question 19

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 19

Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries

Question 20

Hemodialysis

Answer 20

Procedure during which a patient’s blood is circulated through a dialyzer to remove waste products and excess fluid

Question 21

Interstitial Nephritis

Answer 21

Inflammation within the renal tissue

Question 22

Nephrosclerosis

Answer 22

Hardening of the renal arteries

Question 23

Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 23

Type of renal failure with increased glomerular permeability and massive proteinuria

Question 24

Nephrotoxic

Answer 24

Any substance, medication, or action that destroys kidney tissue

Question 25

Oliguria

Answer 25

Urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

Question 27

Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 27

Procedure that uses the lining of the patient’s peritoneal cavity as the semipermeable membrane for exchange of fluid and solutes

Question 28

Peritonitis

Answer 28

Inflammation of the peritoneal membrane

Question 29

Polyuria

Answer 29

Large amounts of urine

Question 30

Pyelonephritis

Answer 30

Inflammation of the renal pelvis

Question 31

Ultrafiltration

Answer 31

Process whereby water is removed from the blood by means of a pressure gradient between the patient’s blood and the dialysate

Question 32

Uremia

Answer 32

An excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood

Question 33

Urinary Casts

Answer 33

Proteins secreted by damaged kidney tubules