Chapter 52 Vocab Flashcards
Acromegaly
Progressive enlargement of peripheral body parts resulting from excessive secretion of growth hormone
Addisonian Crisis
Acute adrenocortical insufficiency; characterized by hypotension, cyanosis, fever, nausea/vomiting, and classic signs of shock
Addison’s Disease
Chronic adrenocortical insufficiency due to inadequate adrenal cortex function
Adrenalectomy
Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, essential for growth and development
Adrenogenital Syndrome
Masculinization in women, feminization in men, or premature sexual development in children; result of abnormal secretion of adrenocortical hormones, especially androgens
Androgens
Male sex hormones
Basal Metabolic Rate
Chemical reactions occurring when the body is at rest
Calcitonin
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; participates in calcium regulation
Chvostek’s Sign
Spasm of the facial muscles produced by sharply tapping over the facial nerve in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear; suggestive of latent tetany in patients with hypocalcemia
Corticosteroids
Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents; also referred to as adrenalcortical hormone and adrenocorticosteroid; consist of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens
Cushing Syndrome
Group of symptoms produced by an oversecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone; characterized by truncal obesity, “moon face,” acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension
Diabetes Insipidus
Condition in which abnormally large volumes of dilute urine are excreted as a result of deficient production of vasopressin
Dwarfism
Generalized limited growth resulting from insufficient secretion of growth hormone during childhood
Endocrine
Secreting internally; hormonal secretion of a ductless gland
Euthyroid
State of normal thyroid hormone production
Exocrine
Secreting externally; hormonal secretion from excretory ducts
Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
Glucocorticoids
Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone; produce a rise of liver glycogen and blood glucose
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
Graves’ Disease
A form of hyperthyroidism; characterized by a diffuse goiter and exophthalmos
Hormones
Chemical transmitter substances produced in one organ or part of the body and carried by the bloodstream to other cells or organs on which they have a specific regulatory effect; produced mainly by endocrine glands
Hypophysectomy
Removal or destruction of all or part of the pituitary gland
Mineralcorticoids
Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex
Myxedema
Severe hypothyroidism
Can be with or without edema
Negative Feedback
Regulating mechanism in which an increase or decrease in the level of a substance decreases or increases the function of the organ producing the substance
Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal medulla tumor
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolality level
Thyroidectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland
Thyroiditis
Inflammation of the thyroid gland; may lead to chronic hypothyroidism or may resolve spontaneously
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Released from the pituitary gland; causes stimulation of the thyroid, resulting in release of T3 and T4
Thyroid Storm
Severe life-threatening hyperthyroidism precipitated by stress; characterized by high fever, extreme tachycardia, and altered mental state
Thyrotoxicosis
Condition produced by excessive endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormone
Thyroxine
Thyroid hormone; active iodine compound formed and stored in the thyroid; deiodinated in peripheral tissues to form triiodothyronine; maintains body metabolism in a steady state
Triiodothyronine
Thyroid hormone; formed and stored in the thyroid; released in smaller quantities, biologically more active, and with faster onset of action than T4; widespread effect on cellular metabolism
Trousseau’s Sign
Carpopedal spasm induced when blood flow to the arm is occluded using a blood pressure cuff or tourniquet, causing ischemia to the distal nerves; suggestive sign for latent tetany in hypocalcemia
Vasopressin
Antidiuretic hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary
