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Psych 242 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Comes to mind easily biased by faulty thinking

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2
Q

Present bias

A

Focus on instances when something is present or did occur more than it is present

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3
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Focusing on evidence we like. Ignore or fail to notice disconfirming evidence

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4
Q

Confirmatory hypothesis testing

A

Asking biased questions to get expected answers

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5
Q

Bias blind spot

A

Biased about being biased

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6
Q

Authoritative drawbacks

A

May not be knowledgeable.
Without comparisons group.
Biased by Prexsisting view

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7
Q

Science

A

Set of methods used to collect info(data) about phenomena through systematic data collection and observations and measurements.

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8
Q

Empirical approach

A

Evidence from the senses or from instruments that can help senses

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9
Q

Math models

A

Quantitative implementation of a theory with a set of definitions and equations describing numerical values. Relationships between variables and constants. How variables change with inputs.

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10
Q

Domain of a theory

A

Scope of a theory is a range of situations to which theory may be legit applied

Wide domain preferred but harder to test

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11
Q

Parismony

A

Explains within its domain the fewest possible assumptions

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12
Q

Theory data cycle

A

Theory incorporates previous research findings and generates research question

Theory supported or revised based on data

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13
Q

Conformational

A

Agrees with preditiction of theory
Data consistent
Strengthens tested theory
Does not prove theory is correct

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14
Q

Disconformational

A

Contradicts theory
Data inconsistent
Theory refined or rejected

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15
Q

Strong inference

A

Test theories by conformational and dis conformational strategies together

Putting different predictions against each other
Example: cupboard theory v contact comfort theory

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16
Q

Sciences

A

Empirical. Rational. Testable. Parsimonious. General. Tentative. Rigourously evaluated

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17
Q

Nonsciences

A

May be legit academic disciplines applying other systematic techniques to generate knowledge

18
Q

Pseudoscience earmarks

A 
Sensationalistic claim 
Acecdotal evidence. 
Jargon
No evidence
No attempt to falsify
Not building base
Fail to specify conditions
Situation specific
19
Q

Nazi medical experiments

A

On 1000 of concentration camp prisons

20
Q

Radiation

A

Us officials studied the effect of radiation through experiments on vulnerable population often without knowledge

21
Q

Tuskegee syphilis study

A

Us Public Health Service enrolled 400 low income African American male infected with syphilis. Denied treatment for 40 years.

22
Q

Ethical issues. Belmont report.

A

Respect for persons
Beneficence
Justice

23
Q

Little Albert ethical issues

A

Respect for person: not informed
Beneficence: distress. Long term damage.
Justice: explotation

24
Q

Nuremberg code

A

Response to nazi experiments

10 pts guiding permissible human research

25
Q

Declaration of Helsinki

A

Most recently revised. More detailed ethical principles led to IRB

26
Q

Belmont report

A

Core ethical principles

27
Q

APA ethical standard

A

Addresses add. Unique issues with research

28
Q

IRB

A

Proposals must be screened
Ensures researche meets ethical standard
Protects researchers from liability arising from research part.

29
Q

Respect for persons

A

Informed consent

30
Q

Beneficence

A

Risks v benefits

31
Q

Justice

A

Enrollment

32
Q

Summary of APA stand. 8

A

Infromed consent must be obtained. Protect research participants. May be waived. Avoid excessive inducements. Deception allowed. Dehoax as soon as possible. Given timley feedback.

33
Q

APA ethical standards animals

A

Trained researchers
Researcher responsible.
Reduce and minimize discomfort, infection
Painful procedures allowed only if other methods not avail and justified by scientific value
Anesthisia used
Humane methods when euthanizing subjects

34
Q

3 R’s

A

Replacement: alternative to animals
Refinement: modify to minimum distress
Reduction: adopt designs w/ fewest number animals

35
Q

Primary source

A

Full report of a study. Methodological details
Preferred
Empirical articles

36
Q

Secondary source

A

Summaries info from a primary source
Popular and substantive.
Good starting points
Biased or incomplete

37
Q

Scholarly journal

A

Current research findings and theoretical thinking
Detailed results
Review journal articles: summarize and synthesize published studies

38
Q

Conferences

A

Most up to date info
Attending is frontiers science and meet others
But expensive

39
Q

Why read empirical journal

A

Critically evaluate research
Up to date
Ideas for new research

40
Q

Heuristic value

A

Source for generating new research ideas

Psych 242 (18 decks)

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