Exam 1

Question 1

The first documented description of a microorganism was of a ___ by ___.

Answer 1

Mold / Robert Hooke

Question 2

___ produced by microbial fermentation of glucose from cellulose or cornstarch is becoming a more important component of biofuels in the United States, and specialized ___ are needed to make this a commercially available product.

Answer 2

Ethanol / industrial microbiologists

Question 3

Microbial sterilization is used to:

Answer 3

Kill all microbes in or on objects

Question 4

Microbes playing a role in nitrogen fixation in plants live in ___, while those playing a role in the digestive tract of certain herbivores live in ___.

Answer 4

Nodules / rumens

Question 5

The disease anthrax is caused by the pathogenic bacterium ___, which produces heat-resistant structures known as ___.

Answer 5

Bacillus subtillis / endospores

Question 6

You have discovered a new coccoid-shaped microorganism with no nucleus, a rigid cell wall, and a diameter of 2 um. Chemical tests reveal that it’s cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan. The new microorganism is:

Answer 6

Most likely an Archean

Question 7

Determine which outcome is least likely for a microorganism being motile.

Answer 7

Transfer of plasmids to progeny

Question 8

Some of the intestinal symptoms elicited by a pathogen such as Escherichia coli (gram -) are due to the presence of:

Answer 8

Lipopolysaccharides

Question 9

A pure culture:

Answer 9

Is a population of identical cells

Question 10

The science of grouping and classifying microorganisms is known as:

Answer 10

Microbial systematics

Question 11

An organism of the genus Staphylococcus is ___, while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta is ___.

Answer 11

Spherical / coiled

Question 12

A Pasteur flask has:

Answer 12

A swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask

Question 13

Most prokaryotic cells reside:

Answer 13

In the oceanic and terrestrial subsurfaces

Question 14

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very difficult to stain because of the:

Answer 14

Large amounts of a waxy lipid present in its cell wall

Question 15

The process whereby microorganisms are used to help clean up pollution by human activities is known as:

Answer 15

Bioremediation

Question 16

A microbial cells membrane is considered ___, because it’s internal constituents are mentioned within the cell. However, it also imports and exports other molecules in response to its environments.

Answer 16

Semipermeable

Question 17

Bacteria stain as gram-positive or gram-negative because of its differences in the cell:

Answer 17

Wall

Question 18

The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and ___ contain ester linkages, while the cytoplasmic membrane of ___ contain ether linkages.

Answer 18

Eukarya / archaea

Question 19

The person who described the “wee animalcules” was:

Answer 19

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

Answer 20

Fimbriae are usually shorter than flagella and enable cells to adhere to surfaces, whereas pili are involved in genetic exchange

Question 21

___ are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the ___ charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface.

Answer 21

Teichoic cells / negative

Question 22

Which of the following types of microscopy could be used to visualize the layers of the cell membrane and the cell wall?

Answer 22

Transmission electron microscopy

Question 23

Microbial ecology is the study of:

Answer 23

Microorganisms in their natural environment

Question 24

Which scientific objective is least related to microbial genetics?

Answer 24

Identifying quorum sensing interactions among bacteria

Question 25

Which of the following types of microscopy can be used with live cells?

Answer 25

Phase-contrast microscopy

Question 26

Microbial control in wastewaters would most logically be part of:

Answer 26

Aquatic microbiology

Question 27

The use of the gram stain in microbiology is important because it differentiates:

Answer 27

Bacterial cells with different types of cell walls

Question 28

Aseptic technique refers to:

Answer 28

A series of practices to avoid contamination

Question 29

The terms "run" and "tumble" are generally associated with:

Answer 29

Chemotaxis

Question 30

Transparent double-sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called:

Answer 30

Petri dishes

Question 31

Developments in the field of immunology and medical microbiology were practical extensions of the work of:

Answer 31

Robert Koch

Question 32

When does endospore formation commence?

Answer 32

When bacterial growth ceases due to limitation of an essential nutrient

Question 33

___ was the first to describe microorganisms, while ___ was the first person to see bacteria.

Answer 33

Robert Hooke / antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Question 34

The production of human proteins by genetically engineered microorganisms is an example of ___, a subdiscipline of microbiology.

Answer 34

Biotechnology

Question 35

Which of these genera are responsible for producing spores?

Answer 35

Clostridium

Question 36

In gram-positive bacteria, the cell walls are composed mainly of thick ___ layers.

Answer 36

Peptidoglycan

Question 37

All eukaryotes contain:

Answer 37

A membrane-bound nucleus

Question 38

Electron microscopy has greater ___ than light microscopy, because of the wavelengths of visible light are much larger than the wavelengths of electrons.

Answer 38

Resolution

Question 39

The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of:

Answer 39

Louis Pasteur

Question 40

The structure that confers structural strength on the cell wall is known as the:

Answer 40

Cell wall

Question 41

Uniporters -

Answer 41

Transfer one molecule in one direction

Question 42

Symporters -

Answer 42

Transfer two different molecules in the same direction at the same time

Question 43

Antiporters -

Answer 43

Transfer two different molecules in opposite directions at the same time