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Research Methods > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Basic research

A

a type of research that may have limited direct application but in which the researcher has careful control of the conditions

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2
Q

ecological validity

A

the extent to which research emulates the real world

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3
Q

discussion

A

the chapter or section of research report that explains what the results mean

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4
Q

hypothesis

A

the anticipated outcome of a study or experiment

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5
Q

internal validity

A

the extent to which the results of a study can be attributed to the treatments used in the study

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6
Q

external validity

A

the generalizability of the results of a study

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7
Q

paradigm crisis phenomenon

A

the development of discrepancies in a paradigm leading to proposals of a new paradigm that better explains the data

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8
Q

review

A

a critical evaluation of research on a particular topic

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9
Q

descriptive research

A

a type of R that attempts to describe the status of the study focus. common techniques are questionnaire, interviews, normative surveys,case studies, job analyese, obserfation reseearch, developmental studies, and correlations studies

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10
Q

experimental research

A

a type of R that involves the manipulation of treatmetns ina attempt to establish cause adn effect relastionships

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11
Q

applied esearch

A

a type of r that has direct value to practitioners but in which the researcher has limited control over the reearch setting

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12
Q

hydrostatic weighting

A

a technique for measureing body compostition in which body density is computed by the ratio of a person weight in air and the loss of weight underwater

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13
Q

science

A

a process of careful and systematic inquiry

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14
Q

scientific method of problem solving

A 
a method of soling problems that uses the following steps
1 defining and delimiting the problem 
2 forming a hypothesis
3 gathering data
4 analyzing data
5 interpreting the results
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15
Q

tenacity

A

an unscientific method of problem solving in which people cling to certain beliefs regardless of a lack of supporting evidence

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16
Q

empirical

A

a description of data or a study that is based on objective observations

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17
Q

independent variable

A

the part of the experiment that the resercher is manipulating; also called the experimental varibale or treatment variable

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18
Q

dependent variable

A

the effect of the independent variable;also called the yield

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19
Q

normal science

A

an objective manner of study grounded in the natural sciences that is systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, and replicable

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20
Q

qualitative research

A

a reaserch method that often involve intensive, long term observation in a natural setting precise and detailed recording f what happens tin the setting and the interpretation and analysis of the data using description narratives and quotes charts and tables. also called ethnographic, naturalistic

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21
Q

reductionsim

A

a characteristic of normal science that assumes that complex behavior can be reduced, analyzed, ad explained as parts that can then be put back together to understand the whole.

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22
Q

analytical research

A

a type of research that involves in depth study and the evaluation for available information in an attempt to explain complex phenomena can be categorizated in the following way; historical, philosophical, reviews, and research synthesis

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23
Q

research proposal

A

a formal preparation that includes the introduction, literature review, and proposed method for conducting a study

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24
Q

closed loop theory

A

a theory of motor skill learning advanced by adams taht proposed that information received as feedback from a movement is compared with some internal reference of correctness.

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25
Q

secondary sources

A

sources of data in research in which authors have evaluated and summarized previous research

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26
Q

primary sources

A

first hand sources of data in research original studies

-journal articles are the most valuable

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27
Q

poster session

A

a method of presenting researh at a conference iin which the author places summaries of his or her research on the wall or on a poster stand and answers question form passerby.

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28
Q

Schema theory

A

a theory of motor skill learning advanced by R.a schmidt as an extension of adams closed loop theory the theory proposed to unify two more general explanations under one theoretical explanation

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29
Q

varability of practice

A

a tenet of motor skill learning advanced by r.a. schmidit the states that the practice of a variety of movement experiences facilitate transfer to a new movement when compared with practicing a single movement

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30
Q

annotated bibliography

A

a list of resources that provides a brief description of the nature and scope of each article or book.

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31
Q

microform

A

a general term that encompasses microflim, microfliche and any form of data storage on which the pages of a book, journal or newspaper are photgraphed and reduced in size.

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32
Q

extraneous variable

A

a factor that could affect the relationship between in independent and dependent variable but that is not included or controlled

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33
Q

operational definition

A

an observable phenomenon that enables the researher to test empirically whether the predicted outcome can be supported

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34
Q

research hypothesis

A

a hypothesis deduced from theory of induced from empirical studies that is based on logical reasoning and predicts that outcome f the study

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35
Q

nul hypothesis

A

a hypothesis used primarily in the statistical test for the reliability of the results that says that there are no differences among treatments; or no relationship among variables

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36
Q

limitation

A

shortcomeing or influence that either cannot be controlled or s the result of the delimitation imposed by the investigator

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37
Q

delimitation

A

a limitation imposed by the researcher in the scope of the study; a choice that the researher makes to define a workable research problem

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38
Q

participants

A

people who are used as subject in a study. in apa style the term participants is used rather than subjects

39
Q

pilot work

A

work undertaken to verify that you can correctly administer the test and treatments for your study using appropriate participants

40
Q

plagiarism

A

using ideas, concepts writing or drawing s of other as our own; cheating

41
Q

maxicon principle

A

a method of controlling any explanation for the results except the hypothesis that the researcher intends to evaluate. thsi is done by maximizing ture variance, minimizing error variance, an controlling extraneous variance.

42
Q

outlier

A

an urepresentative score; a score that lies outside of the normal scores

43
Q

dula pbulicatino

A

having the same scientific paper published in more than one journal or other publication; this is generally unethical

44
Q

fieldwork

A

methodology common in qualitative research in which data are gathered in natural settings

45
Q

What are the actions that involve quality research?

A
  • identifying and delimiting the problem
  • searching, reviewing, writing about the literature
  • specifying and defining testable hypotheses
  • designing research to test the hypotheses
  • selecting, describing, testing, treating the participants
  • analyzing and reporting the results
  • discussing the meaning and implication of the findings
46
Q

What are thomas suggestions for reading the literature?

A
  • become familiar with relevant publications
  • read studies of interest
  • read as a practitioner would
  • read the abstract first
  • dont worry too much about the stats
  • be critical but ojective
47
Q

thomas scientific methods of problems solving

A

step1- developing the problem
step2- formulating the hypotheses
step3- gathering the data
step4- analyzing and interpreting results

48
Q

thomas unscientific methods of problem solving

A
  • tenacity
  • intuition
  • authority
  • the rationalistic method
  • empirical method
49
Q

what are types of research

A
  • analytical

- descriptive

50
Q

what is the purposes of lit. review

A
  • identifying the problems
  • developing hypothese
  • developing the method
  • evalulate research, support and create foundation.
51
Q

when and where does the author identify the problem:

A

intro

52
Q

what is the purpose fo the method section?

A

is to eliminate any alternative or rival hypotheses & and how it can be repulacted

page72 in book read

53
Q

What is the differences between primary and secondary sources?

A

look at the definitions

54
Q

journal citations

A

look at the little book now

55
Q

what are the 10 commandment of good writing with an example

PART 1

A

1 each pronoun should agree with their antecedent
2 just btwn you and i case is important
3 a preposition is a poor word to end a sentence with
4 verbs has to agree with their subject
5 dont use no double negatives
6 a writer mustnt shift your point of view
7 when dangling dont use participle
8 join clauses good, like a

56
Q

know identify, and give examples of fatal flaws in research

A

READ page 81

57
Q

recall some research studies in which ethics was compromised?

A
  • tuskees study
  • strandford prisoin study
  • authority study with the volts
58
Q

what are key points from the journal discusion

A

what was the journal itself!!

59
Q

what are 5 characteristic of research?

A

1 systematic-plan, identify, dsign
2 logical- examine procedures to evaluate conclusions
3 empirical- decisions are based on data
4 reductive- general relationship are estb. form data
5 replicable-actions are recorded

60
Q

what is in a proposal?

A
  • introduction
  • -problem and hypothese
  • literature review
  • method
  • -participants
  • -instruments and measurements
  • -procedures
  • -design and analysis
61
Q

what do you need to a complete thesis ?

A

results and discussion and conclusion sections after doing the research

62
Q

what are 6 steps to lit search?

A

1 write problem statment
2 consult 2nd sources-(encyclopedias, research reviews)
3 determine descriptors
4 find primary sources (bibliographies, computer searches)
5read and recored the lit
6 write the lit review

63
Q

how should you plan a methods sections?

A
  • participants- how many people
  • instruments - surey, intervew, workout
  • procedures - what are they doing
  • design/ analysis- spss, anovia??
64
Q

Participants

-method sections

A
  • age and gender
  • training level
  • number of people
65
Q

instruments

-method sections

A
  • validity and reliability
  • difficult of obtainign measures
  • access to the equipment
  • knowing how to use them
66
Q

what shoudl be presented

-method sections

A
  • description ( validity and reliabliity
  • drawings, photographs, samples
  • scoring method
67
Q

procedures

-method sections

A
  • when, where, how much time

is participant adherenee a thing

68
Q

dasign and analysis

-method sections

A
  • quasi- experimental or expericmental
  • estb. casue and effect
  • correct analysis/ correct interpretation
69
Q

continuum of bbasic to applied research

A 
level 1- basics (lab based )
--goal theory drive
--approach laboratory
level 2 moderate relevance 
--goal theroy based using relvant movements 
--approach similar to real world task 
level 3 applied research (real world)
--goal immediate solution
--approach real world
70
Q

what are the 10 commandment of good writing with an example

PART 2

A

8 join clauses good, like a conjunction should
9 dont write a run on sentence it is difficult when you got to punctuate it so it makes sense when the reader reads what you wrote.
10 about sentence fragments
11 dont used , which arent necessary
12 its important to use apostrophes right
13 check to see if you any words out
14 as far as incomplete construction they are wrong
15 last but not least lay off cliches .

71
Q

define the 7 areas of scientific dishoonesty

A 
1plagiarism
2fabrication and falsification
3nonpublicaiton  of data
4faulty data-gathering procedures
5poor data storage and retention
6misleading authorship
7sneaky publication practices
72
Q

Plagiarism

-define the 7 areas of scientific dishoonesty

A

using the ideas, writing, drawing of other as your own

73
Q

fabrication and falsification

-define the 7 areas of scientific dishoonesty

A

making up or altering data

74
Q

misleading authorship

-define the 7 areas of scientific dishoonesty

A

who should be an author?

  • technicians do not necessary become joint autheros
  • authorship should involve only those who contribute directly
  • discuss authorship before the project
75
Q

sneaky publication practices

-define the 7 areas of scientific dishoonesty

A

joint publication

  • graduate student and faculty
  • two or more graduate students
  • two or more faculty members
76
Q

Analytical research

A

type of research that involve in depth study and the evaluation to available information in an attempt to explain complex phenomena

77
Q

Types of Analytical research

A
  • Historical research
  • philosophical research
  • reviews
  • research synthesis
78
Q

Historical Research

-Types of Analytical research

A

deals with events that have already occurred. understanding of past events to explain the present state of affairs

79
Q

Philosophical research

-Types of Analytical research

A

critical inquiry charaterized philosophical research. the researcher establishes hypothesess,examines and analyzes fats and synthesis the evidence into a workable theoretical model

80
Q

Reviews

-Types of Analytical research

A

a critical evaluation of research on a particular topic

81
Q

Research synthesis

-Types of Analytical research

A

this is like trying to make sense of large data collecting. and working with meta ananlys – quanitiative means of analyzing the finding form numerous studies

82
Q

Descriptive research

A

a type of research that attempt to describe the status of the study focus.

83
Q

-Types of Descriptive research

A
  • questionnaire
  • interviews
  • normative survey ( paper/ computer)
  • case study
  • job analysis
  • observational research
  • developmental studies
  • correlations studies
  • epidemiologic research
  • experimental research (casue and effect)
  • qualitative research
84
Q

Questionnaires

-Types of Descriptive research

A

good for when you are using it to get responses form a wide geographical area
normally asks onions or knwledge

85
Q

Interviews

-Types of Descriptive research

A

the research can rephrase question and ask additional ones to clarify responses. can also do this over the phone

86
Q

Normative survey

-Types of Descriptive research

A

this seeks to gather performance r knowledge data on a large scale. READ MORE about this one!!

87
Q

developmental studies

-Types of Descriptive research

A

the investigator is usually concerned with the interaction of learning or performance with maturation– longitudianl and cross sectional approach to see the maturation periods

88
Q

correlation studies

-Types of Descriptive research

A

to examine the relationship between performance variavle

89
Q

epidemiologic research

-Types of Descriptive research

A

pertains to the frequencies and distributions of health and disease conditions among population. — no cause and effect

90
Q

developmental studies

-Types of Descriptive research

A

the investigator is usually concerned with the interaction of learning or performance with maturation– longitudinal and cross sectional approach to see the maturation periods

91
Q

correlation studies

-Types of Descriptive research

A

to examine the relationship between performance variables

92
Q

Mixed methods Of reaseach

-Types of Descriptive research

A

both quantitative and qualitative are included within are search effort. this approach often viewed as pragmatic on suggest that bothe techniques are useful when studying realworld phenomena, so it means that you are using both within a study— or like 2 small studies put together

93
Q

experimental rsearch

-Types of Descriptive research

A

a type of research that involves the manipulation of treatments in an attempt to establish cause and effect relationships

Research Methods (7 decks)

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