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Nutriton > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

environmental situation that provokes an adaptive response

A

Stress

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2
Q

the adaptive response which is a part of maintenance

A

Strain

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3
Q

Ways to minimize heat stress

A

provide plenty of water, provide shade, and have good ventilation

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4
Q

T/F: The feed industry is not a major recycler of nutrients and do not use byproducts.

A

FLASE, they are major recyclers and use the byproducts that would otherwise be thrown away

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5
Q

reduces animal production, reproductive performance, and makes animals more susceptible to disease

A

Stress

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6
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

A

pancreatic juice
- buffers
- enzymes

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7
Q

Where does absorption occur for HINDGUT fermenters?

A

after the true stomach (colon, cecum)

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8
Q

Where does absorption occur for FOREGUT fermenters?

A

before the true stomach (reticulum, rumen, abosmasum)

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9
Q

degradation of feed materials into absorbable products

A

digestion

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10
Q

breaking down large molecules into smaller ones that can be used by the cells in the body

A

absorption

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11
Q

what does feed processing improve?

A

absorption

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12
Q

carbohydrates

A

sugar
starch
cellulose
hemicellulose

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13
Q

fats

A

fatty acids
monoglycerides

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14
Q

Most important VFA’s

A

Butyrate
Acetate
Propinate

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15
Q

VFA’s for fat production

A

Butyrate & Acetate

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16
Q

VFA for glucose production

A

Propinate

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17
Q

Highly specialized tissue that increase the surface area of the intestines, site for nutrient absorption

A

Villi

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18
Q

Nonfat-type nutrients go to the _____ and then to the liver

A

hepatic portal vein

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19
Q

Fat-type nutrients go to the ______, then to the ____ and then to the liver.

A
  1. lacteal system
  2. lymph vessel
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20
Q

as particle size of corn increased _____ was digested in the rumen

A

more

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21
Q

______ is the major site for absorption of nutrients

A

small intestine

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22
Q

saliva functions

A

moisten foods
buffer compounds
enzymes lipase and amylase

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23
Q

forestomach functions

A

store and delay passage of ingested food
sites of fermentation

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24
Q

abomasum function

A

has a gastric mucosa
contains HCL producing cells and chief cells that produce protease

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25
Q

omasum function

A

absorb water and minerals

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26
Q

proventriculus function

A

HCL production
digestion of proteins

27
Q

true stomach functions

A

HCL secretion (parietal cells)
Chief cells ( pepsin, porennin, prochymosin)

28
Q

gizzard/muscular stomach function

A

grinds food with previously swallowed stones and pass it back to the proventriculus and vice versa

29
Q

pancreas functions

A

Secretes digestive juices into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct

30
Q

pancreas buffer

A

sodium bicarbonate

31
Q

pancreas secretion: trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases

A

digests proteins

32
Q

pancreatic amylase

A

digests starch

33
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

digests lipids

34
Q

functions of liver

A

produce bile, glucose, cholesterol
convert ammonia to urea
clearing toxic compounds

35
Q

where is propinate converted to glucagon?

A

the liver

36
Q

gallbladder functions

A

store bile

37
Q

T/F: Horses do not produce bilesalts

A

FALSE, horses do not have a gallbladder but still produce bilesalts

38
Q

what are proteins broken down into?

A

peptides (chains of amino acids)

39
Q

where are proteins broken down?

A

the small intestine by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase)

40
Q

what creates an aqueous environment (emulsifies lipids) for lipid digestion?

A

bilesalts produced in the liver

41
Q

what are the products after lipase digests lipids?

A

monoglycerides
free fatty acids

42
Q

what are chylomicrons?

A

small globules composed of proteins and lipids

43
Q

what allows the chylomicron to travel out of the epithelial cells?

A

the water soluble protein coating

44
Q

what is the goal of energy concentrates?

A

increase energy density of rations

45
Q

what are cereal grains high in?

A

starch

46
Q

what is corn grain high and low in?

A

high in starch, low in fiber

47
Q

why is sorghum grain used more in tropical regions?

A

it can adapt to droughts

48
Q

Starch from _____ is more digestable than starch from corn.

A

barley

49
Q

why are oat grains not a top choice?

A

lots of $$$

50
Q

what is pectin?

A

carbohydrate

51
Q

structural components of a cell wall

A

cellulose
hemicellulose
pectin

52
Q

what is molasses rich in?

A

sucrose

53
Q

what is beet pulp rich in?

A

fiber and pectin

54
Q

what is citrus pulp rich in?

A

fiber and pectin

55
Q

what is the #1 cereal grain fed to animals in the US?

A

corn

56
Q

why is feathermeal not used as a byproduct?

A

poor in essential AA

57
Q

protein sources of ______ origin are better quality than those of ______ origin

A
  1. animal
  2. plant
58
Q

most important plant seed sources

A

soybean meal
cottonseed meal
canola meal

59
Q

Does heat treating protein sources helpful?

A

yes, it gets rid of digestional inhibitors

60
Q

what is brewer’s grain high in?

A

fiber

61
Q

what has a higher crude protein and crude fat content than brewer’s grain ?

A

distillers grain

62
Q

what has a higher crude protein and crude fat content than brewer’s grain ?

A

distillers grain

63
Q

what is the risk involved with using animal protein source for livestock?

A

disease transmission

64
Q

why is fishmeal favorable?

A

high quality protein and high RUP for ruminants

Nutriton (9 decks)

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