Digestion & Absorption I

Question 1

a series of involuntary wave-like muscle contractions which move food along the digestive tract

Answer 1

peristalsis

Question 2

What does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 2

pancreatic juice which provides buffers and enzymes

Question 3

Where do herbivores get most of their energy from?

Answer 3

fiber

Question 4

Where does absorption occur in HINDgut fermenters?

Answer 4

after the true stomach (in the colon, cecum)

Question 5

Where does absorption occur in FOREgut fermenters?

Answer 5

before the true stomach (in reticulum, rumen, abomasum)

Question 6

what are examples of absorbable products

Answer 6

monosaccharides
monoglycerides
amino acids
fatty acids
glycerol
vitamins
salts

Question 7

What is passage rate?

Answer 7

efficiency of nutrient absorption

Question 8

What does feed processing do?

Answer 8

improves absorption

Question 9

uncharged molecules move down their concentration gradient (ethanol, CO2, and O2)

Answer 9

passive transport

Question 10

solutes moving against the concentration gradient

Answer 10

active transport

Question 11

sugar, starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose are

Answer 11

carbohydrates

Question 12

fatty acids and monoglycerides are

Answer 12

fats

Question 13

Pathway of RUP dietary protein in ruminants

Answer 13

Rumen Undegradable Protein bypasses the rumen

Question 14

Pathway of rumen degradable protein in ruminants

Answer 14

1. Rumen
2. Ammonia
3. To liver –> urea –> back to rumen
4. Amino Acids
5. Peptides
6. Microbes
7. Amino Acids

Question 15

Pathway of cellulose and hemicellulose in ruminants

Answer 15

1. glucose
2. CH4, CO2, H2
3. Acetate, Propinate, Butryate

Question 16

Pathway of starch and glucose in ruminants

Answer 16

microbes ferment them to produce acetate, propinate, and butyrate

Question 17

VFA’s responsible for fat production

Answer 17

Butyrate and Acetate

Question 18

VFA responsible for glucose production

Answer 18

Propinate

Question 19

Highly specialized tissue that increase the surface area of the intestines, site for nutrient absorption

Answer 19

Villi

Question 20

Where do non-fat type nutrients go?

Answer 20

hepatic portal vein –> liver

Question 21

Where do fat type nutrients go?

Answer 21

lacteal system –> lymph vessel –> liver

Question 22

What is the advantage of grain processing?

Answer 22

Increases digestibility

Question 23

Why are cannulas not being used as often?

Answer 23

Complex procedure

Question 24

Where is the major site for absorption of nutrients?

Answer 24

the small intestine