Digestion & Absorption II Flashcards
Saliva functions
moisten food
lubricate bolus
digestive enzyme action
water balance
buffering compounds
contains recycled Nitrogen and minerals
Forestomach functions
store and delay passage of ingested food
anaerobic microbial fermentation of plant materials
absorption of VFA’s
Omasum function
absorption of water and minerals
abomasum function
produce abomasal mucosa
proventriculus function
- HCL production
- Digestion of proteins
True stomach functions
- Parietal cells (HCl secretion)
- Chief cells
What is chyme?
semi-fluid mixture of digestive secretions and partially digested food materials
Gizzard/Muscular stomach function
grinds food with previously swallowed stones and pass it back to the proventriculus and vice versa
Pancreas functions
secretes digestive juices into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct
digestive buffer
sodium bicarbonate
proteases (digest proteins)
trypsin
chymotrypsin
carboxypeptidases
what digests starch?
amylases
what digests lipids?
lipases
what does glucagon do?
instructs the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, makes glucose more available in bloodstream
what does insulin do?
controls blood glucose levels by signaling the liver, muscle cells, and fat cells to take IN glucose from the blood
gallbladder functions
store bile
which animal lacks a gallbladder?
horses but they still produce bile salts
what does the small intestine do?
digests and absorbs nutrients
what does the large intestine absorb?
water
fermentation chamber (VFA production & absorption)
What are the carbohydrate monosaccharides?
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
What are the structural carbohydrates?
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Pectin
What is a non-structural carbohydrate?
starch
Saturated fats vs Unsaturated fats
Saturated fats do not contain a carbon double bond
Unsaturated fats contain a double bond
T or F: Fat is soluble in water
FALSE
What is secreted from the liver that creates an aqueous environment to digest fat?
bile salts
Which side of the bile salt attaches to the fat?
the hydrophobic region
What are carbohydrates broken down into?
monosaccharides
What are proteins broken down into?
amino acids
What is fat broken down into?
triglycerides, free fatty acids that are resynthesized in the intestinal cells
What are fats turned into for pancreatic lipase to act on them?
micelles
What are triglycerides packaged into in order to be taken up by the lymphatic system?
Chylomicrons
What organ is enlarged in horses and why?
Horses have an enlarged cecum because they are hindgut fermenters
