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Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do Triptans do?

A

Cause cranial vascular constriction by binding to selective serotonin receptor sites

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2
Q

What is the indications for Triptans?

A

Abortive therapy. Treat acute migraine, not used for prevention.

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3
Q

What are the contraindications for Triptans?

A

Allergy
Pregnancy
Active CAD

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4
Q

What are the adverse effects of Triptan?

A

Numbness, tingling, burning, cold, strangness, dizziness, weakness, vertigo, GI effects, tight chest

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5
Q

What are the interactions of Triptans?

A

W/ ergot derivatives
MAOI’s w/in 2 weeks

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6
Q

What do Narcotic agonist-antagonist do?

A

Stimulate certain opioid receptors and block others

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7
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Analgesia, sedation, euphoria, hallucinations

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8
Q

What are the indications for Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Relief of mod-severe pain
Adjuncts to general anesthesia
relief during labor/delivery

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9
Q

What are the contraindications for Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Allergy
NALBUPHINE - allergice to sulfites
Physical dependency
COPD, CAD, MI
^BP, renal dysfunction

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects of Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Repiratory depression w/ apnea, supression of cough reflec, nausea, vomit, constipation, light head, dizzy, anxiety, fear, hallucinations, loss of libido

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11
Q

What are the interaction of Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Barbituates, general anesthetics

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12
Q

What is the prototype drug for Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Pentazocine
*Acts on MU receptors

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13
Q

What do Ergot derivates do?

A

Constriction of cranial blood vessels
Decrease pulsation & hyperperfusion of basilar artery

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14
Q

What are therapeutic of Ergot derivates?

A

Block alpha adrenergic & serotonin receptors

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15
Q

What is the indication for Ergot derivates?

A

Prevention & abortion of migraine headaches

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16
Q

What are the contraindications for Ergot derivates?

A

allergy
CAD/Hypertension
PAD, impaired liver
Pregnancy

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17
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ergot derivates?

A

numbness, tingling, muscle pain, pulselessness, weakness, chest pain, edema, MI, GI upset

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18
Q

What are the interactions of Ergot derivates?

A

Beta blockers

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19
Q

What drugs are in C-1

A

Heroin, MJ, LSD

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20
Q

What drugs are in C-II

A

Narcotics, amphetamines, barbituates

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21
Q

What drugs are in C-III

A

Non-barbituate sedative, non-amphemine stimulants, certain narcotics

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22
Q

What drugs are in C-IV

A

Some sedatives, anti-anxiety, non-narcotic analgesic

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23
Q

What drugs are in V

A

Small amounts of narcotics in antitussives

*may be OTC w/ ID

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24
Q

What are narcotic agonist?

A

drugs that react with opioid receptors

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25
What is the therapeutic effect of narcotic agonist?
Analgesic, sedation, "well-being" anti-tussives, adjuncts to general anesthsia, pre-op med
26
What are the contraindications for narcotic agonist?
Allergy Diarrhea by toxic poisions After biliary surgery/surgical anastomesos Liver/respiratory dysfunction head injury
27
What are the adverse effects of narcotic agonist?
Respiratory depression w/ apnea, cardiac arrest, shock, orthostatic hypertension, GI effcts, urinary retention, loss of libido
28
What are the interactions for narcotic agonist?
Barbiturate general anesthetics Phenothiazines MAOIS
29
What do Narcotic antagonists do?
Bind strongly to opioid receptors but do not activate them
30
What is the therapeutic effect of Narcotic antagonists?
Reverse effects of opioids reverse respiratory depression, sedation, hypotension
31
What are the contraindications of Narcotic antagonists?
Allergy
32
What are the adverse effects of Narcotic antagonists?
Acute Narcotic Abstinence Syndrome (Nausea, vomit, sweat, tacycardia, hypertension, anxiety)
33
What are the interactions for Narcotic antagonists?
Buprenorphine Butorphanol Nalbuphine Pentazocine
34
What do TNF blockers do?
Block/decrease effects of TNF = slow inflammation
35
What do TNF blockers work on? what conditions?
Rheumatoid, juvenile, psoriatic, plaque arthritis
36
What are the contraindications for TNF blockers?
Acute infection Cancer Sepsis TB, Hepatitis Demylinating disorders *Etancercept - cannot be used in anyone with allergy to chinese hamster
37
What are the adverse effects of TNF blockers?
BLACK BOX - fatal infections, lymphomas, cancers, MS, MI, hypotensions
38
What are the interactions of TNF blockers?
Immune suppressants Live Vaccines
39
What did the Pure Food and Drug act do?
Prevented marketing of adultered drugs, required labeling to eliminate false or misleading claims
40
What did the Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act do?
Test for drug toxicity & means for drug recall Established procedures for new drugs Gave FDA power to enforce
41
What did the Durham-Humprhrey amendment do?
Tighten control of certain drugs, Specified drugs to be labeled "May not be distributed w/o a prescription"
42
What did the Kefauver-Harris act do?
Tighten control over quality, Efficacy as well as Safety of drugs
43
Drugs work in what 4 ways?
1. Replace missing chemicals 2. Stimulate cellular activities 3. Decrease cellular activites 4. Interfere with foreign cells
44
What effects do active enzymes produce?
1. Increase or decrease cellular activity 2. Changes in cell membrane permeability 3. Alterations in cellular metabolism
45
What is the MOA or Therapeutic action for Salicylates?
Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis & pryogens *low levels block thromboxane A2 = inhibit blood clots High levels = block prostacyclin
46
What are the indications for Salicylates?
Mild-mod pain Fever Inflammation Rheumatoid&osteo
47
What are the contraindications for Salicylates?
Allergy to Salicylates or NSAIDS Tartrazine - Bleeding/changes in platelet Kids - chickenpx/flu Surgery w/1 wk PRegnancy
48
What are the adverse effects of Salicylates?
Stomach - nausea, heart burn Clotting systems
49
What is salicylism?
^levels of aspirin, Dizzines, tinnitis, difficultly hearing, nausea, vomit, diahrrea, confusion
50
WHat is salicylate toxicity?
Hyperpnea, tachypnea, hemmorage, confusion, convulsions, fever, coma, cv, respiratory collapse
51
What is chrysotherapy?
Gold taken up by macrophages which inhibits phagocytosis, which blocks release of lysosomal enzymes & tissue destruction is decreased
52
What are the indictions to use Auranofin?
Select cases of rheumatoid & juvenile arthritis who have been unresponsive to other methods
53
What are the contraindications for Auranofin?
Allergy to gold Sever diabetes CHF Renal.hepatic impairment Hypertension, Recent radiation toxic levels of heavy metals Hypertension
54
What are the adverse effects of Auranofin?
"itis"
55
What are the interactions for Auranofin?
Penicillamine Anti malarials Cytotoxic drugs Immune suppressants
56
Define Pharmacology?
Study of biological effects of chemicals
57
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
Clinical pharm. Uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease
58
Clincal pharm addresses what 2 concerns?
How drugs affect body How body affects drugs
59
What are the natural sources drugs come from?
Plants animals inorganic compounds
60
What is the MOA or therapeutic action of Acetaminophen?
Acts on thermoregulatory cells in hypothalamus = sweating and vasodilation
61
What are the indications for Acetaminophen?
Pain & fever associated with flu, children w/ immunizations, relief of musculoskeletal pain w/ arthritis
62
What are the contraindications for Acetaminophen?
Allergy Pregnancy Hepatic dysfunction Chronic alcoholism
63
What are the adverse effects of Acetaminophen?
Headache Renal dysfunction Skin rash fever *hepatotoxicity = acetylcysteine
64
What are the interactions for Acetaminophen?
Oral anticoagulants Ethanol ingestion Barbiturates, carbamazephine, hydantolins, rifampin
65
Drugs are absorbed by what 3 processes?
Passive diffusion active transport Filtration
66
What 3 areas are drugs absorbed?
GI, mucous membrane, skin,.lung, muscle, subQ
67
How does passive diffusion occur quickly?
small molecule, water soluable, lipid soluable, no charge
68
What factors affect distrubtion?
drugs lipid soluablity, ionzation, perfusion at tissue
69
What is the MOA or therapeutic action of NSAIDS?
Inhibit prostaglandin synthese and COX-1 and COX-2
70
What are the indications for NSAIDS?
Relief mild-mod pain Rheumatoid, osteo arthritis Dysmenorrhea Fever
71
What are the contraindications for NSAIDS?
Allergy to NSAID or salicylate Celecoxib - sulfonamides CV / hypertension Peptic ulcer/GI bleed Pregnancy
72
What are the adverse effects of NSAIDS?
nausea, GI pain, constipation, diahrrea, flatulence, headache, dizzy, fatuqye **anaphylatic reactions
73
What drugs interact with NSAIDS?
Loop diuretics Beta Blockers ibprofen
74
What is SUMATRIPTAN? Indication? Actions? Adverse?
*Indication - treatment acute migrain & cluster *Actions - binds to SSRi = vasoconstrict *Adverse - vertigo, myaligia, flucuate bp, tight chest, tingling, burning
75
What is ERGOTAMINE? Indication? Actions? Adverse?
*Indication - prevention/abortion of vascular headaches *Actions - Constricts blood vessels, decrease pulsation, decreas hyperperfusion *Adverse - Numb, tingle, muscle pain, pulselessness/weakness, tachycardia, bradycardia, ergotism
76
What is NALOXANE? Indication? Actions? Adverse?
*indication - complete/partial reversal of suspected OD *Actions - antagonist - reverse respiratory depression, sedation, hypotension *Adverse - decrease BP, hypo/hyper tension, pulmonary edema *Acute Narcotic Abstinces Syndrome
77
What is PENTAZOCINE? Indication? Actions? Adverse?
*Indication - pre-anesthetic, & supplement to anesthesia / labor *Action- Agonist & Antagonist @ MU *adverse - tachycardia, palpitations, ureteral spasm, dependence
78
What is MORPHINE? Indication? Actions? Adverse?
*indications - pre-op, severe chronic pain, intraspinal to reduce intractable pain *Action - Agonist - analgesia, euphoria, sedation *Adverse - dry mouth, ureteral spasm, apnea, circulatory depression, respiratory depression, shock
79
What is ETANERCEPT? Indication? Actions? Adverse?
*indication - reduce rheumatoid, juvenile arthritis, spondylitis, psoriasis Action - Genetically engineered TNF receptors react wtih receptors to decativate TNF - decrease inflam response *Adverse - fatal, lymphoma/cancer, demylinating, MI, heart failure
80
What is AURANOFIN? Indication? Actions? Adverse?
*Indication - rheumatoid w/ no response from other methods *Actions - Macrophages eat with stops phagocytosis which stops release of enzymes stops further damage *Adverse - Bone marrow, depression, renal toxicity, dermatitis, stomatitis
81
What is IBUPROFEN? Indication? Actions? Adverse?
*Indication - rheumatoid & osteo, primary dysmenorrhea *Action - Inhibit prostoglandin syntheses and COX1 and COX 2 *Adverse - somnolence, rash, dypepsia, bleeding, constipation
82
What is ASPRIN? Indication? Actions? Adverse?
*indication - inflam conditions, reduce risk of ischemic attack or stroke, reduction of risk of MI *Action - inhibit prostaglandin/ thromboxane A2 *Adverse - heart burn. epigastric, discomfort, occult blood loss
83
What is ACETAMINOPHEN? Indication? Actions? Adverse?
*indication - common cold/flu, muscoskeletal, pain w/ arthritis & rheumatic *Action - hypothalamus *adverse - rash, chest pain, liver toxicity, bone marrow depression

Pharm (16 decks)

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