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Pharm > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do Triptans do?

A

Cause cranial vascular constriction by binding to selective serotonin receptor sites

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2
Q

What is the indications for Triptans?

A

Abortive therapy. Treat acute migraine, not used for prevention.

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3
Q

What are the contraindications for Triptans?

A

Allergy
Pregnancy
Active CAD

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4
Q

What are the adverse effects of Triptan?

A

Numbness, tingling, burning, cold, strangness, dizziness, weakness, vertigo, GI effects, tight chest

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5
Q

What are the interactions of Triptans?

A

W/ ergot derivatives
MAOI’s w/in 2 weeks

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6
Q

What do Narcotic agonist-antagonist do?

A

Stimulate certain opioid receptors and block others

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7
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Analgesia, sedation, euphoria, hallucinations

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8
Q

What are the indications for Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Relief of mod-severe pain
Adjuncts to general anesthesia
relief during labor/delivery

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9
Q

What are the contraindications for Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Allergy
NALBUPHINE - allergice to sulfites
Physical dependency
COPD, CAD, MI
^BP, renal dysfunction

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects of Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Repiratory depression w/ apnea, supression of cough reflec, nausea, vomit, constipation, light head, dizzy, anxiety, fear, hallucinations, loss of libido

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11
Q

What are the interaction of Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Barbituates, general anesthetics

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12
Q

What is the prototype drug for Narcotic-Agonist-antagonists?

A

Pentazocine
*Acts on MU receptors

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13
Q

What do Ergot derivates do?

A

Constriction of cranial blood vessels
Decrease pulsation & hyperperfusion of basilar artery

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14
Q

What are therapeutic of Ergot derivates?

A

Block alpha adrenergic & serotonin receptors

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15
Q

What is the indication for Ergot derivates?

A

Prevention & abortion of migraine headaches

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16
Q

What are the contraindications for Ergot derivates?

A

allergy
CAD/Hypertension
PAD, impaired liver
Pregnancy

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17
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ergot derivates?

A

numbness, tingling, muscle pain, pulselessness, weakness, chest pain, edema, MI, GI upset

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18
Q

What are the interactions of Ergot derivates?

A

Beta blockers

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19
Q

What drugs are in C-1

A

Heroin, MJ, LSD

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20
Q

What drugs are in C-II

A

Narcotics, amphetamines, barbituates

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21
Q

What drugs are in C-III

A

Non-barbituate sedative, non-amphemine stimulants, certain narcotics

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22
Q

What drugs are in C-IV

A

Some sedatives, anti-anxiety, non-narcotic analgesic

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23
Q

What drugs are in V

A

Small amounts of narcotics in antitussives

*may be OTC w/ ID

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24
Q

What are narcotic agonist?

A

drugs that react with opioid receptors

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25
Q

What is the therapeutic effect of narcotic agonist?

A

Analgesic, sedation, “well-being” anti-tussives, adjuncts to general anesthsia, pre-op med

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26
Q

What are the contraindications for narcotic agonist?

A

Allergy
Diarrhea by toxic poisions
After biliary surgery/surgical anastomesos
Liver/respiratory dysfunction
head injury

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27
Q

What are the adverse effects of narcotic agonist?

A

Respiratory depression w/ apnea, cardiac arrest, shock, orthostatic hypertension, GI effcts, urinary retention, loss of libido

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28
Q

What are the interactions for narcotic agonist?

A

Barbiturate
general anesthetics
Phenothiazines
MAOIS

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29
Q

What do Narcotic antagonists do?

A

Bind strongly to opioid receptors but do not activate them

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30
Q

What is the therapeutic effect of Narcotic antagonists?

A

Reverse effects of opioids
reverse respiratory depression, sedation, hypotension

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31
Q

What are the contraindications of Narcotic antagonists?

A

Allergy

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32
Q

What are the adverse effects of Narcotic antagonists?

A

Acute Narcotic Abstinence Syndrome
(Nausea, vomit, sweat, tacycardia, hypertension, anxiety)

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33
Q

What are the interactions for Narcotic antagonists?

A

Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Nalbuphine
Pentazocine

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34
Q

What do TNF blockers do?

A

Block/decrease effects of TNF = slow inflammation

35
Q

What do TNF blockers work on? what conditions?

A

Rheumatoid, juvenile, psoriatic, plaque arthritis

36
Q

What are the contraindications for TNF blockers?

A

Acute infection
Cancer
Sepsis
TB, Hepatitis
Demylinating disorders

*Etancercept - cannot be used in anyone with allergy to chinese hamster

37
Q

What are the adverse effects of TNF blockers?

A

BLACK BOX - fatal infections, lymphomas, cancers, MS, MI, hypotensions

38
Q

What are the interactions of TNF blockers?

A

Immune suppressants
Live Vaccines

39
Q

What did the Pure Food and Drug act do?

A

Prevented marketing of adultered drugs, required labeling to eliminate false or misleading claims

40
Q

What did the Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act do?

A

Test for drug toxicity & means for drug recall
Established procedures for new drugs
Gave FDA power to enforce

41
Q

What did the Durham-Humprhrey amendment do?

A

Tighten control of certain drugs, Specified drugs to be labeled “May not be distributed w/o a prescription”

42
Q

What did the Kefauver-Harris act do?

A

Tighten control over quality, Efficacy as well as Safety of drugs

43
Q

Drugs work in what 4 ways?

A
  1. Replace missing chemicals
  2. Stimulate cellular activities
  3. Decrease cellular activites
  4. Interfere with foreign cells
44
Q

What effects do active enzymes produce?

A
  1. Increase or decrease cellular activity
  2. Changes in cell membrane permeability
  3. Alterations in cellular metabolism
45
Q

What is the MOA or Therapeutic action for Salicylates?

A

Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis & pryogens

*low levels block thromboxane A2 = inhibit blood clots
High levels = block prostacyclin

46
Q

What are the indications for Salicylates?

A

Mild-mod pain
Fever
Inflammation
Rheumatoid&osteo

47
Q

What are the contraindications for Salicylates?

A

Allergy to Salicylates or NSAIDS
Tartrazine -
Bleeding/changes in platelet
Kids - chickenpx/flu
Surgery w/1 wk
PRegnancy

48
Q

What are the adverse effects of Salicylates?

A

Stomach - nausea, heart burn
Clotting systems

49
Q

What is salicylism?

A

^levels of aspirin,
Dizzines, tinnitis, difficultly hearing, nausea, vomit, diahrrea, confusion

50
Q

WHat is salicylate toxicity?

A

Hyperpnea, tachypnea, hemmorage, confusion, convulsions, fever, coma, cv, respiratory collapse

51
Q

What is chrysotherapy?

A

Gold taken up by macrophages which inhibits phagocytosis, which blocks release of lysosomal enzymes & tissue destruction is decreased

52
Q

What are the indictions to use Auranofin?

A

Select cases of rheumatoid & juvenile arthritis who have been unresponsive to other methods

53
Q

What are the contraindications for Auranofin?

A

Allergy to gold
Sever diabetes
CHF
Renal.hepatic impairment
Hypertension,
Recent radiation
toxic levels of heavy metals
Hypertension

54
Q

What are the adverse effects of Auranofin?

A

“itis”

55
Q

What are the interactions for Auranofin?

A

Penicillamine
Anti malarials
Cytotoxic drugs
Immune suppressants

56
Q

Define Pharmacology?

A

Study of biological effects of chemicals

57
Q

What is pharmacotherapeutics?

A

Clinical pharm. Uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease

58
Q

Clincal pharm addresses what 2 concerns?

A

How drugs affect body
How body affects drugs

59
Q

What are the natural sources drugs come from?

A

Plants
animals
inorganic compounds

60
Q

What is the MOA or therapeutic action of Acetaminophen?

A

Acts on thermoregulatory cells in hypothalamus = sweating and vasodilation

61
Q

What are the indications for Acetaminophen?

A

Pain & fever associated with flu, children w/ immunizations, relief of musculoskeletal pain w/ arthritis

62
Q

What are the contraindications for Acetaminophen?

A

Allergy
Pregnancy
Hepatic dysfunction
Chronic alcoholism

63
Q

What are the adverse effects of Acetaminophen?

A

Headache
Renal dysfunction
Skin rash
fever

*hepatotoxicity = acetylcysteine

64
Q

What are the interactions for Acetaminophen?

A

Oral anticoagulants
Ethanol ingestion
Barbiturates, carbamazephine, hydantolins, rifampin

65
Q

Drugs are absorbed by what 3 processes?

A

Passive diffusion
active transport
Filtration

66
Q

What 3 areas are drugs absorbed?

A

GI, mucous membrane, skin,.lung, muscle, subQ

67
Q

How does passive diffusion occur quickly?

A

small molecule, water soluable, lipid soluable, no charge

68
Q

What factors affect distrubtion?

A

drugs lipid soluablity, ionzation, perfusion at tissue

69
Q

What is the MOA or therapeutic action of NSAIDS?

A

Inhibit prostaglandin synthese and COX-1 and COX-2

70
Q

What are the indications for NSAIDS?

A

Relief mild-mod pain
Rheumatoid, osteo arthritis
Dysmenorrhea
Fever

71
Q

What are the contraindications for NSAIDS?

A

Allergy to NSAID or salicylate
Celecoxib - sulfonamides
CV / hypertension
Peptic ulcer/GI bleed
Pregnancy

72
Q

What are the adverse effects of NSAIDS?

A

nausea, GI pain, constipation, diahrrea, flatulence, headache, dizzy, fatuqye

**anaphylatic reactions

73
Q

What drugs interact with NSAIDS?

A

Loop diuretics
Beta Blockers
ibprofen

74
Q

What is SUMATRIPTAN?
Indication?
Actions?
Adverse?

A

*Indication - treatment acute migrain & cluster
*Actions - binds to SSRi = vasoconstrict
*Adverse - vertigo, myaligia, flucuate bp, tight chest, tingling, burning

75
Q

What is ERGOTAMINE?
Indication?
Actions?
Adverse?

A

*Indication - prevention/abortion of vascular headaches
*Actions - Constricts blood vessels, decrease pulsation, decreas hyperperfusion
*Adverse - Numb, tingle, muscle pain, pulselessness/weakness, tachycardia, bradycardia, ergotism

76
Q

What is NALOXANE?
Indication?
Actions?
Adverse?

A

*indication - complete/partial reversal of suspected OD
*Actions - antagonist - reverse respiratory depression, sedation, hypotension
*Adverse - decrease BP, hypo/hyper tension, pulmonary edema
*Acute Narcotic Abstinces Syndrome

77
Q

What is PENTAZOCINE?
Indication?
Actions?
Adverse?

A

*Indication - pre-anesthetic, & supplement to anesthesia / labor
*Action- Agonist & Antagonist @ MU
*adverse - tachycardia, palpitations, ureteral spasm, dependence

78
Q

What is MORPHINE?
Indication?
Actions?
Adverse?

A

*indications - pre-op, severe chronic pain, intraspinal to reduce intractable pain
*Action - Agonist - analgesia, euphoria, sedation
*Adverse - dry mouth, ureteral spasm, apnea, circulatory depression, respiratory depression, shock

79
Q

What is ETANERCEPT?
Indication?
Actions?
Adverse?

A

*indication - reduce rheumatoid, juvenile arthritis, spondylitis, psoriasis
Action - Genetically engineered TNF receptors react wtih receptors to decativate TNF - decrease inflam response
*Adverse - fatal, lymphoma/cancer, demylinating, MI, heart failure

80
Q

What is AURANOFIN?
Indication?
Actions?
Adverse?

A

*Indication - rheumatoid w/ no response from other methods
*Actions - Macrophages eat with stops phagocytosis which stops release of enzymes stops further damage
*Adverse - Bone marrow, depression, renal toxicity, dermatitis, stomatitis

81
Q

What is IBUPROFEN?
Indication?
Actions?
Adverse?

A

*Indication - rheumatoid & osteo, primary dysmenorrhea
*Action - Inhibit prostoglandin syntheses and COX1 and COX 2
*Adverse - somnolence, rash, dypepsia, bleeding, constipation

82
Q

What is ASPRIN?
Indication?
Actions?
Adverse?

A

*indication - inflam conditions, reduce risk of ischemic attack or stroke, reduction of risk of MI
*Action - inhibit prostaglandin/ thromboxane A2
*Adverse - heart burn. epigastric, discomfort, occult blood loss

83
Q

What is ACETAMINOPHEN?
Indication?
Actions?
Adverse?

A

*indication - common cold/flu, muscoskeletal, pain w/ arthritis & rheumatic
*Action - hypothalamus
*adverse - rash, chest pain, liver toxicity, bone marrow depression

Pharm (16 decks)

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