Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

A fibers

A

large diameter nerve fibers that carry peripherial impulses associated with temp and touch to spinal cord
*do not transmit pain
*backrubs stimulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A delta fibers

A

Small Myelinated nerve fibers that carry peripheral impulses associated with pain to the spinal cord
*Respond quickly to acute pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

C fibers

A

Unmyelinated slow conducting fibers that carry peripheral impulses associated with pain to the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ergot derivative

A

drug that causes vascular constriction in the brain & periphery, relieves or prevents migraine headaches but is associated with many adverse effects

*reduce hyperperfuson and basilar artery vascular bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gate control theory

A

transmission of a nerve impulse can be modulated at various points along its path by descending fibers from the brain that close the gate and block transmission of pain information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MIgraine headache

A

headache charaterized by server, unilateral, pulsating head pain associated with systemic effects, GI upset, sensitivity to light & sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Opioids

A

drugs derived from opium that react iwth specific opioid receptors throughout body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

opioid agonists

A

drug that react at opioid receptor sites to cause analgesia, sedation or euphoria
*controlled substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

opioid agonist-antagonists

A

drugs stimulate or block the activity of certain opioid receptors
*less abuse potential but similar analgesic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

opioid antagonist

A

drugs that block opioid receptor sites
*used to counteract the effects or treat overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

opioid receptors

A

receptor sites that react to naturally occurring peptides, endorphins and enkephalins, which are receptive to opioid drugs
*found in CNS, nerves n periphery, cells in GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pain

A

sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

spinothalamic tract

A

nerve pathway from the spine to the thalamus along with pain impulses are carried to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

triptan

A

Selective serotonin receptor blocker that causes a vascular constriction of cranial vessels, used to treat acute migraine attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 agents that can change perception and tolerance of pain?

A

Opioids & opioid antagonists
anti-inflammatory agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pain can be further classified by an originating source, such as

A

nociceptive - direct stimulus to pain recpto
neuropathic - caused by nerve injury
psychogenic - associ w/ emotional, psychological, behavioral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do opioid receptors in the brainstem and spinal cord/thalamus do?

A

**In brainstem -control BP, pupil diameter, GI secretions, chemoreceptor trigger zone
***in spinal cord and thalamus - integrate and relate incoming info about pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Endorphins are released during _____ to block the sensation of?

A

Stress
Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some non-pharmacological methods to treat pain?

A

warmth
massage
positioning
acupuncture
meditation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 opioid recptors and what do they do?

A

mu (m) - pain blocking -respiratory depression, euphoria, decreased GI activity, pupil constriction, physical dependence

kappa (k) - some analgesia, pupillary constriction, sedation, dysphoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the opioids that have an established pediatric dose?

A

codeine, fentanyl (not transdermal), hydrocodone, meperidine, morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What opioids are not recommended for children?

A

levorphanol, oxymorphone, oxycodone, methadone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Child <13 yrs requires a opioid-agnost-antagonist, what is used?

A

buprenorphine

24
Q

What is the drug of choice in children for reversal of opioid effects and overdosE?

A

Naloxone

25
Q

What are the analgesics used during labor

A

morphine, meperidine, oxymorhone

26
Q

WHat drugs are opioid agonists

A

Alfentanil hydrocodone
Codeine
Fentanyl
hydrocodone
hydromorphone
levorphanol
Meperidine
Methadone
morphine
opium
oxycodone
oxymorphone
remifentanil
sufentanil
tapentadol
tramadol

27
Q

What are the therapeutic actions for opioid agonists?

A

Act on specific opioid receptor sites in CNS to produce analgesia, sedation, and sense of well being
*also as antitussives

28
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics for opioids

A

IV - most reliable
IM and Subcut - varying rates of absoprtion/absoprtion slower in females

Hepatic metabolism, excreted in urine and bile

half life vary

Cross placenta

29
Q

What are the contraindications for opioid agonists

A

Allergy
diarrhea caused by toxic poisons
after biliary surgery or surgical anastomoses

CAUTION
Respiratory dysfunction
GI surgery
ulcerative colitis
head injuries, alcoholism, TD’s
Renal/liver dysfunction

30
Q

What is the pregnancy category for opioid agonists

A

Oxycodone category B
All others C

31
Q

What are the adverse effects of opioid agonists?

A

Respiratory depression, cardiac arrests, shock
Orthostatic hypotensions
GI effects, nausea, vomit, constipation
Lightheaded, dizziness, anxiety dear

32
Q

What are opioid agonists drug to drug interactions?

A

Barbiturate or MAOI - increased respiratory depression, hypotension, sedation or coma

**Tapentadol - avoid - SSRI, MAOT, TCA and st johns wart - due to an increase of serotonin syndrome

33
Q

What are the opioid agonists-antagonists drugs

A

Bupernorphine
butorphanol
nalbuphine
pentazocine

34
Q

What are the therapeutic actions of opioid agonists-antagonists?

A

Act at specific sites in CNS to produce analgesia, sedation, euphoria and hallucinations
*Also block receptors that may be stimulated by other opioids

35
Q

What are the indications for opioid agonists-antagonists?

A

Relief of moderate to severe pain
adjuncts to general anesthesia
Relief of pain during labor

36
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics for opioid agonists-antagonists

A

readily absorbed after IM admin
Reach peak rapidly in IV

MEtabolized in liver, excreted in urine or feces

Cross placenta and milk

37
Q

What are the contraindication and cautions for opioid agonists-antagonists?

A

allergy
Nalbuphone should not be give to allergic to sulfites

Caution
physical dependence
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
MI, CAD, hypertensionon

38
Q

What are the adverse effects of opioid agonists-antagonists

A

respiratory depression, supression of cough reflext, nausea, vomit, constipation, light headed, dizzy, anxiety, fear, hallucination, loss of libido

39
Q

What are the opioid agonists-antagonists drug to drug interactions

A

Barbiturate - avoid
Previously recieved opiods
Pentazocine w/ tripelennamine (ts and blues) abused

40
Q

What drugs are the opioid antagonists?

A

naloxone
naltrexone

41
Q

What are the therapeutic actions of opioid antagonists

A

reverse effects of opioids including respiratory depression, sedation and hypotension
*treatment for OD

42
Q

What are the contraindications and cautions for opioid antagonists

A

Allergy
pregnancy
opioid addiction
CV disease

43
Q

What are the adverse effects of opioid antagonists

A

Acute opioid abstince syndrome - nausea, vomit, sweat, tachycardia, hypertension, anxiety

CNS excitement, tachycardia, bP changes, pulmonary edema

44
Q

What is the difference between a migraine headache and a cluster headache?

A

MIgraine - occur during sleep, sharp eye pain, 15-90 min, sweating, nasal congestions

Tension - times of stress, dull band pain around head 30 mins - 1week. Fatique, mild intolderant to light or sound

45
Q

What are common migraines?
What are classic migraines?

A

Common - occur w/out aura, cause severe pulsating pain w/ nausea, vomit, light & sound sentiviity. Aggrevated by physical activity

Classic - preceded by an aura, occurs 30 min beforepain occurs.PAin same as common

46
Q

What migraine drugs are recommended in children?

A

none – to many adverse effects

Topamax - 12* older

47
Q

What are the ergot derivative drugs?

A

dihydroergotamine
ergotaminie

48
Q

What are the therapeutic actions of ergot derivative

A

block alpha-adrenergic and serotonin receptor sites in brain to cause constriction of cranial vessels

Prevention of migraine or vascular headaches

49
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of ergot derivative

A

rapidly absorbed from many routes
onset of action 15-30 mins
Metabolized in liver, excreted in bile

Dihydroergotamine - nasal spray or IM or IV
Egotamine - sublingual

50
Q

What are the contraindication and cautions for ergot derivative

A

allergy
CAD, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease
impaired liver
pregnancy

51
Q

What are the adverse effects of ergot derivative

A

vascular constriction

numbness
tingling
muscle pain
weakness, chest pain, itching
GI upset, nausea, vomitting

52
Q

What are the drug to drug interactions with ergot derivative

A

beta blockers - peripheral ischemia and gangrene is increased

53
Q

What are the triptan drugs?

A

almotriptan
eletriptan
frovatriptan
naratriptan
rizatriptan
sumatriptan
Zolmitriptan

54
Q

What are the therapeutic actions of triptan

A

bind to selective serotonin receptor sites to cause vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
*treatment of acute not for prevention

55
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics for triptan

A

rapidly absorbed from many sites
metabolized in liver, excreted in urine
cross placenta

56
Q

What are the contraindications for triptan

A

allergy
CAD
Caution with elderly
renal or hepatic dysfunction

57
Q

What are the adverse effects of triptan

A

numbness, tingling, coldness or strangeness, dizzy, weak, vertigo, GI discomfort,

Pharm (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions