Chapter 8 & 9

Question 1

Bactericidal

Answer 1

Substance that causes death of bacteria, usually by interfering with cell membrane stability or with proteins or enzymes necessary to maintain the cellular integrity of the bacteria

Question 2

Bacteriostatic

Answer 2

A substance that prevents the replication of bacteria, usually by interfering with proteins or enzyme systems necessary for reproduction of the bacteria

Question 3

Culture

Answer 3

Sample of bacteria to be grown in a laboratory to determine the species of bacteria that causes an infection

Question 4

Prophylaxis

Answer 4

Treatment to prevent an infection before it occurs, as in the use of antibiotics to prevent bacterial endocarditis in high risk patients or antiprotozoals to prevent malaria

Question 5

Resistance

Answer 5

ability of pathogens over time to adapt to an antiinfective to produce cells that are no longer affected by a particular drug

Question 6

Selective toxicity

Answer 6

the ability to affect certain proteins or enzyme systems that are used by the infecting organism but not by human cells

Question 7

Sensitivity testing

Answer 7

evaluation of pathogens obtained in a culture to determine the antiinfectives to which the organisms are sensitive and which agent would be appropriate for treatment of a particular infeciton

Question 8

Spectrum

Answer 8

range of bacteria against which an antibiotic is effective

Question 9

Superinfection

Answer 9

Infections that occur when opportunistic pathogens that were kept in check by the normal bacteria have the opportunity to invade tissues and cause infections because normal flora bacteria have destroyed by antibiotic therapy