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I Oral Histology > EX3; Salivary Glands 2 > Flashcards

EX3; Salivary Glands 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three histological details of salivary glands

A

acinar cells
myoepithelial cells
ducts

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2
Q

What are the acinar cells joined by, surrounding what

A

tight junctions

central lumen

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3
Q

What is the space between the acinar cells called

A

inter-cellular space

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4
Q

What do the tight junctions and intercellular spaces allow what

A

the passage of water and small ions, but restrict the passage of large molecules

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5
Q

The end of the acinar cells that faces the lumen contains what

A

secretory granules

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6
Q

This surrounds the acinar cells

A

myoepithelial

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7
Q

The entire end piece of the acinus is surrounded by what

A

basal lamina

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8
Q

This a pyramidal shape acinar cells resting on a basal lamina with a round nucleus

A

serous cell

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9
Q

True or False

The serous acinar cells contains short, irregular, microvilli

A

True

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10
Q

What kind of characteristics do serous acinar cells exhibit

A

polarized, protein secreting cells

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11
Q

What does the serous acinar cells secrete

A

many enzymes and glycoproteins

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12
Q

What structures are found in a serous acinar cell

A

rough ER
golgi apparatus
secretory granules
lumen

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13
Q

This is a cubodial to columnar cells with an oval nuclei pressed toward the base and is arranged in tubules around a large central lumen

A

mucous cell

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14
Q

What does a mucous cell secrete

A

mucins

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15
Q

What type of staining does the secretory granules undergo

A

pale staining

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16
Q

The shapes of the end pieces of the mucous glands are what in shape

A

more tubular

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17
Q

Why is the cytoplasm of the mucous cells paler staining than that of the serous cells

A

the mucin is contained within the secretory granules

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18
Q

The lemon in the mucous secretory end pieces is more what

A

larger and more obvious

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19
Q

Due to the position of 3 mucous cells topped by 3 serous cells, what is this called; seen during EM scanning

A

serous demilune

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20
Q

When the specimen is prepared with rapid freezing, what is a noticeable difference in regards to the structure

A

the mucous and serous components appear side by side

also the mucous nuclei is not compressed

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21
Q

This surrounds the acini and intercalated discs, lies within the basal lamina, and has multiple processes (surrounding acini)

A

myoepithelial cell

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22
Q

The myoepithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that has what

A

has contractile properties

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23
Q

What is the function of the myoepithelial cell

A

its innervated and functions in expelling saliva into the ductal system

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24
Q

What are the three types of ducts associated with salivary glands

A

intercalated
striated (secretory)
excretory (collecting)

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25
Q

This duct empties directly into the oral cavity

A

excretory

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26
Q

What is the flow of saliva through the ducts

A

intercalated then striated then excretory

27
Q

What differs between the major and minor salivary gland duct system

A

minor duct arrangement different from major

minor glands have many excretory ducts associated

28
Q

This is the smallest, short duct of which several acini drain into

A

intercalated duct

29
Q

The cells that make up an intercalated duct look like what

A

cubodial in shape with a centrally placed nucleus

30
Q

What does the intercalated duct do besides convey saliva

A

secretes a few antimicrobial proteins

31
Q

This is a longer, more active duct which is the site of reabsorption of sodium and chloride

A

striated ducts

32
Q

What is the function of started duct absorption

A

to ensure the saliva reaching the mouth is hypotonic

33
Q

Because reabsorption in the started duct is against the concentration gradient, what must occur

A

energy is required for which ATP is critical

34
Q

What is the important molecule that started ducts secrete

A

bicarbonate

35
Q

What is the shape of a started duct cell

A 
columnar
short microvili
numerous infoldings of basolateral membranes; striations
prominent mitochondria
highly polarized
36
Q

Once the started duct cells absorb the sodium and chloride, what happens to it

A

it gets taken up at the apical end thorough its basal aspect where they pass to capillaries adjacent to striations at the basal end of the cell

37
Q

What is the purpose of excretory ducts

A

simply carrying the saliva to the oral cavity

38
Q

What become of the shape of the excretory ducts as they get closer to the oral cavity

A

they become wider

39
Q

What does the single epithelial layer of the excretory change into as it gets cloister to the oral epithelium

A

psudostratified epithelium; sometime stratified and keratinized

40
Q

Where are excretory ducts often located

A

in connective tissue

41
Q

What is the shape of the lumen in excretory ducts

A

irregularly shaped

42
Q

What is the position of the nuclei in excretory ducts

A

irregularly positioned

43
Q

What kind of cells intermingle/surround excretory ducts

A

fibroblasts

goblet cells

44
Q

These glands are associated with the taste bud bearing foliate and circumvallate papillae of the posterior tongue

A

Von Ebner’s glands

45
Q

What is a age change that affects 30-60%

A

general loss of parenchyma

46
Q

True or False

reduced salivary flow does not seem to correlate very strongly with the degree of loss of salivary tissue

A

True

47
Q

What seems to be the main culprit of reduced salivary flow

A

prescription medications

48
Q

This viral disease usually affects the parotid gland with painful swelling

A

mumps

49
Q

This disease/condition is where stones, often in submandibular, obstruct secretion causing painful swelling

A

sialoliths

50
Q

This disease/condition obstructs secretions from minor glands, causes painful swelling

A

mucous plugs or trauma

51
Q

True or False

Many viruses replicated and shed into saliva

A

True; epstein-barr, herpes, etc.

52
Q

The severity of hyposalivation symptoms depends upon what

A

the degree of salivary loss

53
Q

This is the subjective feeling of dry mouth

A

xerostomia

54
Q

What is considered a reduced flow rate

A

less than 0.1ml/min

2/3 reduction from normal levels

55
Q

What additional changes in the oral cavity can result from dry mouth

A 
mucosal changes
enamel erosion
increased caries
difficulty in chewing/swallowing
changes in taste
56
Q

What kind of medications reduce salivary flow

A 
anticholinergic drugs
diuretics
antidepressants
antihistamines
antihypertensives
57
Q

Besides medication, this has a severe effect on salivary flow

A

head and neck radiation

58
Q

True or False

The reduced salivary flow due to head and neck radiation is both rapid (days) and long lasting

A

True

59
Q

What is the initial effect on salivary flow due to head/neck radiation

A

reduced gland function

60
Q

What is the later effect on salivary flow due to head/neck radiation

A

cell death, primarily of acinar cells

61
Q

True or False

Newer radiation therapies offer no difference in reducing salivary flow

A

False; the newer therapies more specifically target tumor sites and can spare salivary function

62
Q

What two new therapies are in development to restore salivary flow

A

stem cell therapies

genetic modification of remaining salivary tissues

63
Q

What are the three ways to manage hyposalivation

A

frequent dental evaluations and prophylaxis due to prevalence of complications
artificial saliva
salivary stimulants

64
Q

What is a problem with products meant to mimic saliva

A

must be used frequently

poor patient compliance

I Oral Histology (16 decks)

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