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I Oral Histology > EX3; Oral Mucosa Sensations > Flashcards

EX3; Oral Mucosa Sensations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the dorsal tongue

A

root
body
terminal sulcu

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2
Q

Where are the root and the body of the tongue derived from

A 
body = mucosa from branchial arch 1
root = mucosa from branchial arch 3
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3
Q

What kind of keratinization of the epithelium is located on the dorsal tongue

A

most keratinized except for in a few key locations

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4
Q

What kind of lamina propria does the dorsal tongue contain

A

flexible; other side is more rigid

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5
Q

True or False

The dorsal tongue does not contain a submucosa

A

True

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6
Q

The dorsal tongue contains numerous papillae, what different kinds

A

some papillae are taste buds

some papillae are innervated by somatosensory nerve endings

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7
Q

True or False

Sensation is only registered from the tongue

A

False; it is in the mucosa as well

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8
Q

What cranial nerves supply taste to the taste buds

A

facial - VII
glossopharyngeal - IX
vagus - X

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9
Q

This cranial nerve supplies the anterior mouth

A

trigemial - V

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10
Q

This cranial nerve supplies the posterior tongue and pharync

A

glossopharyngeal - IX

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11
Q

These fibers supply a touch sensation

A

A beta

A delta

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12
Q

These fibers supply a warming sensation

A

C fibers

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13
Q

These fibers supply a cooling sensation

A

A delta

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14
Q

These fibers supply a painful sensation

A

A delta

C fibers

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15
Q

This somatosensory receptor is associated with large axons (A beta) and terminates in the superficial lamina propria between the rete pegs

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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16
Q

What kind of forces are associated with Meissner’s corpuscles

A

dynamic forces; rapidly adapting

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17
Q

This somatosensory receptor is associated with large axons (A beta) and terminus at the apices of the tete pegs

A

Merkel receptors

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18
Q

What kind of forces are associated with Merkel receptors

A

static forces; slowing adapting

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19
Q

This somatosensory receptor complexes of nerve endings and specialized epithelial cells

A

Merkel receptors

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20
Q

This somatosensory receptor complexes of nerve endings encapsulated by non-nueronal cells

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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21
Q

What kind of threshold do both Merkel and Meissner’s receptors have

A

very low threshold; very sensitive

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22
Q

True or False

Merkel’s receptors only respond during static forces

A

False; they also respond during dynamic, but also (and solely) during static, Meissner’s does not respond during static

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23
Q

True or false

Merkel and Meissner’s receptors code painful senstations

A

False; they do not because their dynamic range does not extend to the noxious (harmful) range

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24
Q

What is used to transmit painful sensations

A

nociceptors
free nerve endings
A delta and C fibers

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25
Q

What are the main functions of the taste system

A

detect chemicals in the food
distinguish between nutritive/non-nutritive
detect harmful substances

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26
Q

What are the 5 classes of taste receptors that detect the 5 classes of stimuli

A 
sugars (sweet)
amino acids (umami)
salts (salty)
acids (sour)
varied alkaloid, purines, glycosides (bitter)
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27
Q

This is goblet shaped closed of 40-60 cells at right angles to the basal lamina extending to the surface containing microvili and a taste pore

A

taste bud

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28
Q

True or False

There are no nerve fibers at the base of taste buds

A

False; there are primary afferent fibers at the base and some bud cells synapse with these fibers

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29
Q

How may taste buds are distributed in the mouth

A

around 8,000

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30
Q

Where are the taste buds located

A

68% on the tongue
27% on pharynx/larynx
5% on soft palate

31
Q

These papillae around on the dorsal anterior tongue and contain around 1600 taste buds

A

fungiform papillae

32
Q

Where are the fungiform papillae derived from and what are the innervated by

A

branchial arch 1

innervation = chorda tympani (BA2)

33
Q

Where are the fungiform papillae most numerous

A

at the tip of the tongue; they are located there to monitor food entering the mouth

34
Q

What is the shape of the fungiform papillae

A

mushroom shaped

35
Q

Where is the keratin layer interrupted regarding fungiform papillae

A

at the pore and between filliform papillae

36
Q

The fungiform papillae are located amongst what

A

filiform papillae

37
Q

Where are the taste buds located on the fungiform papillae

A

on the dorsal surface

38
Q

How many taste buds do each fungiform papillae typically have

A

around 3

39
Q

These are heavily keratinized spine shaped papillae which do not contain taste buds

A

filiform papillae

40
Q

What are filiform papillae innervated by

A

somatosensory fibers

41
Q

These are 2-9 parallel folds, dorsoventral orientation on the lateral aspect of the most posterior anterior tongue; strategic location to monitor food during chewing

A

foliate papillae

42
Q

How many taste buds are located on the foliate papillae and what are they innervated by

A

around 1300 taste buds

innervated by glossopharyngeal (BA3)

43
Q

Where are the taste buds of the foliate papillae and circumvallate papillae located

A

in the trenches; not on the surfaces

44
Q

What are the foliate papillae and circumvallate papillae closely associated with

A

salivary glands

specifically Von Ebner glands

45
Q

These are 8-10 papillae arranged in a “V” on the most posterior anterior tongue with a central connective tissue core surrounded by a trench used to monitor food just before swallowing

A

circumvallate papillae

46
Q

How many taste buds are on the circumvallate papillae

A

around 2400; densely packed

47
Q

Though the different taste papillae are distinctively histologically and innervated by different nerves, they are generally functionally redundant in their ability to do what

A

sense different tastes

48
Q

The taste buds on the larynx (epiglottis) respond to deviations in this, indicated the signal to protect the airway

A

isotonicity; response to water

49
Q

True or False

A single fungiform papillae can only detect one specific taste

A

False; they can usually detect more than one quality (~3 buds/papillae)

50
Q

What is important to know about the functional redundancy of the taste system

A

it makes it resilient to the face of partial taste loss

51
Q

When the chorda tympani is numbed, which side are the taste stimuli undetectable

A

on the ipsilateral side to the anesthesia

52
Q

What occurred involving the taste when both of the chord tympani’s were numbed

A

there was no obvious taste loss

53
Q

True or False

The number of taste papillae varies greatly between individuals

A

True; women tend to have more then men

54
Q

True or False

The number of taste papillae dramatically decreases with age

A

False; it may only decrease slightly but mainly due to lost of olfactory sensations

55
Q

Fox accidentally discovered marked individual differences in the ability to taste what and the bimodal distribution of thresholds indicated this

A 
bitter phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
it is an inherited trait
56
Q

In the last how many years was the functional characterization of receptors understood

A

in the last 15 years

2000-2009

57
Q

This is a 30 member family of G-protein coupled bitter receptors of which each has a limited range for bitter compounds

A

tas2r

58
Q

What is largely responsible for the sensitivity differences to bitterness (PTC) in tas2r receptors

A

amino acid substitutions

59
Q

Vegetables containing this compound are significantly more bitter to people who are homozygous for PTC sensitive tas2r

A

glucosinolates

60
Q

True or False

People with more sweet receptors prefer lesser sweet things

A

True;

people with less sweet receptors prefer more sweet things, this can contribute to caries production

61
Q

True or False

both genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual taste sensitivity and preference

A

True

62
Q

These cells of a taste bud are on the lateral aspect, in the epithelium at right angles to the basal lamina, contain microvili, and do not synapse

A

perigemmal cells

63
Q

What is the presumed function of perigemmal cells

A

support or renewal

64
Q

These cells are located at the base of the taste bud, in the epithelial basal cells, and their function is renewal

A

basal cells

65
Q

These cells are at the center of the taste bud and have receptors that convey stimulus

A

elongated cells

66
Q

This type of elongated cell stains for glial markers suggesting a supportive role; it also may respond to salts, and there are no synapses

A

Type 1 (dark)

67
Q

This type of elongated cell expresses receptors for taste substances and responds to taste stimuli; there are two types

A

light cells

68
Q

This type of light cell responds to sour taste and synapses with primary afferent nerves

A

Type III

69
Q

This type of light cell responds to bitter, sweet, and amino acid tastes and does not synapse with primary afferent nerves

A

type II

70
Q

Type II and type III use this to communicate with the primary afferent taste nerves; in regards to type II, it is the primary transmitter

A

ATP

71
Q

K19 (keratin) is expressed during what, and this indicates what

A

expressed during development and reflects the rapid turnover of taste receptor cells

72
Q

In which embryological week does the taste buds first appear

A

week 8

73
Q

In which embryological week does the taste pores first appear

A

week 12

74
Q

What has been indicated about taste preferences in infants

A

the basic taste system is hard wired at birth (facial expressions upon bitter/sweet) but the natural taste preferences are altered by experience (enfamil and nutramigen formulas)

I Oral Histology (16 decks)

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