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I Oral Histology > EX2; Pulp > Flashcards

EX2; Pulp Flashcards

1
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the dental pulp

A

ectoderm
neural crest ectomesenchyme
dental papilla

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2
Q

What are the constituents of the dental pulp

A

cells and cellular elements
blood and lymphatic vessels
extracellular matrix
*not calcified

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3
Q

What are the 5 main functions of pulp

A 
inductive
formative
nutritive
protective
defensive/reparative
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4
Q

What are the two functions of the protective nature of pulp

A

sensory; high pressure

barrier; odontoblast junction

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5
Q

What are the two functions of the defensive/reparative nature of pulp

A

immune

formation of new dentin and pulp

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6
Q

What is the difference between a young pulp and an old pulp

A

the young pulp is much larger than the old pulp

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7
Q

True or False

Pulp is not normally calcified, but ectopic calcifications are common

A

True; these are pulp stones, typically most coronal

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8
Q

What becomes of calcifications in the pulp as it moves apically

A

the become diffuse

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9
Q

Where can you find diffuse calcifications

A

in healthy and even un-erupted teeth

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10
Q

True or False

Pulp stones cannot be visible radiographically

A

False; large dense ones can

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11
Q

What are the two main histologic organizations in the pulp

A

odontogenic zone

central (pulp) core

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12
Q

What makes up the odontogenic zone

A

odontoblast layer
cell free zone
cell rich zone

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13
Q

What makes up the central (pulp) core

A

fibroblasts
capillaries/arterioles/venules
nerves (perineural sheath)

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14
Q

What are the resident immune system cells found in the pulp

A

macrophage
lymphocytes
eosinophils
dendritic cells

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15
Q

What are the inflammatory immune system cells found in the pulp

A

plasma cells
mast cells
PMNs

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16
Q

These cells in the pulp detect bacterial antigens and are closely associated with the odontoblast layer

A

dendritic cells

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17
Q

These cells serve as a source for replacement of odontoblasts or fibroblasts

A

stem cells

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18
Q

What are the main components of the extracellular matrix of pulp

A

PGs and associates (GAGs)
glycoproteins
collagen I and III

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19
Q

This is involved with collagen fibrillogenesis and water retention of the ECM of pulp

A

PGs and other associates

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20
Q

This is involved in cell adhesion to the ECM

A

glycoproteins; fibronectin

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21
Q

This gives the ECM of pulp tensile strength

A

collagen I and III

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22
Q

True or False;

stem cells are only plentiful during development

A

False; they are also present in adults

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23
Q

What are the clinical implications of adult stem cells in teeth

A

potential source for repair or correction of genetic defects

tissue-specific stem cell populations well known in regenerating organ (blood, bone, skin)

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24
Q

What are the novel concepts of adult stem cells in pulp

A

extent of plasticity (able to become more/different)

ability to develop complex organized structures

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25
Q

What specific type of adult stem cells are derived from dental pulp (bone marrow, etc.)

A

multipotent

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26
Q

Dental pulp stem cells can be induced to form what

A

odontoblasts
adipocyte
glial-like cells in vitro

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27
Q

Dentin-like tissue from the dental pulp stem cells transplanted subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice what occurred

A

dentin-pulp complex

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28
Q

True or False

stem cell niches probably present in multiple location of mature pulp

A

True

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29
Q

These are the 2nd most numerous cell type in the pulp

A

odontoblast

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30
Q

What are the functions of odontoblasts

A

dentinogenesis
nutrients to dentin
immune

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31
Q

What are the different shapes of the odontoblasts coronally or apically

A

toward the root they become more cuboid

32
Q

What becomes of the odontoblastic processes as it moves apically

A

they become thinner

33
Q

What are the differences between the odontoblastic processes and cell bodies microscopically

A

the bodies contain organelles the processes contain more cytoskeletal (microtubules) elements with no nucleus or organelles

34
Q

This type of junction between odontoblasts maintain position and polarity

A

desmosomes and adherens junctions

35
Q

This type of junction between odontoblasts coordinated dentinogenesis (cell communication)

A

gap junctions

36
Q

This type of junction between odontoblasts acts like a barrier, not allowing things to pass through

A

tight junctions

37
Q

What was the experiment involving HRP testing looking to discover about the pulp

A

How strong the tight junctions of the odontoblasts were; they injected HRP into the pulp and noticed out it did not penetrate the dentin, it stopped at the odontoblast layer

38
Q

What was showing involving cavity preparation and the strength of tight junctions of the odontoblasts

A

the cavity preparation showed to weaken those bonds, allowing HRP to penetrate the dentin

39
Q

What specifically distinguished the pulp from the other tooth tissues

A

the presence of blood and lymphatic vessels

40
Q

Blood flow in pulp is under what control

A

neural; sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion

sensory

41
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system control regarding the blood flow in the pulp

A

constricts the blood flow

alpha-adrenergic receptors

42
Q

What is the importance of the lymphatic vessels in the pulp

A

healing; drain proteins accumulated during inflammation

43
Q

Lymphatic vessels in pulp may have what in order to overcome challenge associated with encasement in hard tissue

A

complex anatomy

44
Q

What type od nerve fibers does the pulp contain

A

A delta
A beta
C

45
Q

These nerve fibers are sensory pain fibers

A

A delta

46
Q

These nerve fires are sensory pain fibers and sympathetics

A

C

47
Q

These nerve fibers are sensory pain fibers and light touch

A

A beta

48
Q

What is the main sensation arising from activating nerve fibers innervating the pulp and surrounding dentin

A

pain

49
Q

Innervation begins at which odontogenic phase

A

bell stage

50
Q

Density of innervation increases until what

A

eruption, and probably decreases with aging

51
Q

True or False

Both primary and secondary dentition is innervated

A

True

52
Q

Nerves enter though where are termini where

A

enter through the apical foramen and terminate in the pulp-dentin border zone and dentin

53
Q

The dye injection into pulp determined how far the nerves and odontoblast processes transported into dentin, how far was this

A

only about 1/3 of the way in

54
Q

Where are the dentinal tubules most innervated

A

in the crown

55
Q

This is a highly innervated region along the pulp-dentin border

A

Rashkow’s plexus

56
Q

Nerve fibers profusely innervate what

A

the pulp-dentin border

57
Q

What accounts for the high sensitivity of the DEJ to exposure

A

hydrodynamic theory

58
Q

The perturbed fluid in the dentin tubule causes what to occure

A

neural activity

59
Q

What experiment was used to support the hydrodynamic theory

A

premolars destined for extraction were drilled and acid-etched to open the tubules and a tube was sealed into the cavity attached to a saline-filled syringe and manometer and tested positive and negative pressure

60
Q

Was the register or pain any different with negative or positive pressure

A

positive was slightly lower, but still produced pain

61
Q

These nerve fibers are hypothesized to be pulp nerve fibers important for hydrodynamic dentinal pain

A

A beta (but A delta also involved)

62
Q

Why are A beta fibers the ones associated with dentinal pain

A

they have very low thresholds for pain

63
Q

The odontoblast receptor theory is highly unlikely, but how could it affect dentinal sensitivty

A

crowding in the tubule

non-synpatic communication possible; adhesive contacts could cause odontoblasts to “pull on” nerve fiber

64
Q

True or False

Pain can arise directly from stimuli in the pulp

A

True

65
Q

These nerve fibers have receptors for inflammatory and thermal stimuli

A

C fibers

66
Q

C fibers are members of this family which are transmembrane receptors for thermal and inflammatory pain in regions of the body

A

TRP receptor

TRPA1 receptor

67
Q

Sensitivity changes with what

A

inflammation

68
Q

These are present in dentinal and pulp sensory nerves

A

neuropeptides

69
Q

Peptides are synthesized in cell body of what

A

trigeminal ganglion

70
Q

What occurs at the central ending of neuropeptides

A

transmitter function

71
Q

If peptides bind with receptors on brain neurons, what occurs

A

pain

72
Q

What occurs at the peripheral endings of neuropeptides

A

local regulatory function

73
Q

If peptides find with receptors on vasculature/local cells, what occurs

A

pre-inflammatory

74
Q

What four things does sensory/pain nerve also do

A

vasodilation (oppose sympathetics)
plasma extravasation
angiogenesis
interactions with immune cells

75
Q

How does sensory/pain nerves interact with immune cells

A

stimulation of cytokine production by macrophages

chemotactic effects on immune cell migration

I Oral Histology (16 decks)

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