EX1; Swallowing, Emesis, Bruxism, and TMD Flashcards
Swallowing is a reflex after initial (can be voluntary) but is normally what
unconscious
How many times do we swallow a dat
1,000
1/min except when eating/sleeping
What are the four components of swallowing
large area of brain stem
six cranial nerves
receptors
muscles
What are the four phases of swallowing
preparatory
oral
pharyngeal
esophageal
In this stage of swallowing this is the forming of the bolus; same as the pre-swallowing phase at the end of mastication
preparatory phase
What are the four parts of the preparatory phase of swallowing
- bolus is formed and positioned on dorsum of tongue
- tip of tongue presses against maxillary incisors or anterior hard palate
- region of tongue where the bolus is positioned rises lateral against posterior teeth and palatal mucosa
- glossopalatal sphincter forms (temporarily) preventing the bolus from entering pharynx prematurely
This phase is the movement of the bolus from oral cavity to pharynx
Oral
This action of the oral phase; lips close, upper and lower incisors move close together has what consequence
formation of oral seal
This action of the oral phase; anterior 2/3 of tongue moves up against maxillary alveolar ridge and the anterior hard palate has this consequence
pushes the bolus toward the pharaynx
This action of the oral phase; base of tongue moves downward and forward has this consequence
expands hypopharynx and opens a chute to pharynx
This action of the oral phase; palate moves up has this consequence
opens the glossopalatal sphincter
This action of the oral phase; palate contacts posterior pharyngeal wall and the side walls of the nasopharynx are opposed has this consequence
this prevents the bolus from entering the nasal cavity
What mandibular and facial muscles are involved in preparatory and oral phases of swallowing
mandibular; masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis
facial; labial and buccinator
The muscles involved with preparatory and oral phases of swallowing is a variable groups called the “facultative group” why is this
which muscles are involved at any time depends largely on the food consistency
contraction of these muscles contribute to the formation of the oral seal and stabilizes the mandible
labial and buccinator
True or False
The epiglottis is absolutely requires to prevent the aspiration of food
False; it is not required
This phase is the movement of the bolus from oropharynx to esophagus (~0.7 sec)
pharyngeal phase
This action of the pharyngeal phase; piston-like movement of posterior tongue has this consequence
propels the bolus through the oropharynx and into the hypopharynx
This action of the pharyngeal phase; pharyngal constrictors contract several times has this consequence
this moves the bolus through the pharynx
This action of the pharyngeal phase; upper esophageal sphincter opens has this consequence
allows bolus to enter the esophagus
This action of the pharyngeal phase; epiglottis movement cause by elevation of the hyoid bone and larynx and contraction of the thryohyoid muscle has this consequence
closes the opening to the larynx
What is the group of muscles involved with the pharyngeal phase called and why
“obligate group” and its because the leading complex of muscles contract fairly synchronously, followed by contractions that are more sequential
This phase is the movement of food along the entire esophagus (3 sec for liquids, 9 sec for solids)
esophageal
These waves of contraction (primarily smooth muscles) move the bolus through the open esophageal sphincter and into the stomach
peristaltic
Muscles of esophageal sphincters are what
tonically active; however basal activity stops before bolus enters the esophagus
This relaxes about when the tongue and upper pharynx contract and is open before the pressure wave passes through the pharynx
upper esophageal sphincter
The upper esophageal sphincter contracts when
after the food bolus enters the esophagus and its pressure rises well above resting level for several seconds
This sphincter relaxes for about 3 seconds before peristaltic wave reaches it and remains open until the last in a series of swallows in complete then the sphincter contracts for 1-2 seconds such that again the pressure developed is well above resting level
lower esophageal sphincter
These four mechanisms prevent aspiration of food during the pharyngeal phase
respiration is inhibited
larynx and upper esophageal sphincter elevate
intrinsic muscles of glottis move vocal cords toward each other
bolus moves through sinuses in pharynx
Which phases of swallowing are voluntary, subconscious or involuntary
preparatory and oral; voluntary, normally subconscious
pharyngeal and esophageal; involuntary