Ex & Psychological Health

Question 1

According to the World Health Organisation, what are the 2 key features of health?

Answer 1

• absence of illness

- the presence of health and well-being

Question 2

Symptoms and treatments of generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 2

Symptoms:

1. difficulty relaxing, chronic (>6 months worrying
2. physical symptoms
3. cognitive and physical symptoms cause distress and function impairment
4. co-morbidity (another disorder)

Treatments:

1. cognitive behavioral therapy
2. education
3. pharmacological

Question 3

Symptoms and treatments of post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 3

Symptoms:
1. stress that lasts longer than a few days, sever, interferes with general functioning
2. < 1-month = acute stress disorder
3. acute PTSD 1-3 months; chronic PTSD > 3 months
4. increased arousal and avoid contexts that elicit reminders of the event
5. co-morbidity
Treatment:
1. CBT, with emphasis on emotional regulation via exposure therapy
2. education
3. pharmacological

Question 4

Symptoms and treatments of depression

Answer 4

Symptoms:

1. very low spirit and loss of enjoyment of life
2. limited concentration and energy
3. disrupted sleeping
4. disrupted eating patterns and loss of appetite

Treatment:

1. psychotherapy
2. pharmacological

Question 5

Symptoms and treatments of substance abuse disorders

Answer 5

1. abuse - harmful changes in behaviour leading to negative outcomes
2. dependence:
   - relies on substance despite problems caused by use
   - increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, compulsive taking

Treatments:

• CBT
• Family therapy
• motivational interviewing
• possibly medications

Question 6

Symptoms and treatment of anorexia

Answer 6

S: deliberate efforts at low body weight; intense and irrational fear of body fat and weight gain; value as a person rest within their thinness

T: family therapy, hospitalization, multi-disciplinary approach

Question 7

Symptoms and treatments of bulimia

Answer 7

S: uncontrolled binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviours; highly critical of themselves; low self-esteem

T: CBT, antidepressant medication

Question 8

Difference between anorexia and bulimia

Answer 8

Anorexia patients have deliberate efforts at a low body weight where as bulimia patients have compensatory behaviour due to a fear of gaining weight

Question 9

Positive indicators of mental health

Answer 9

• positive psychology
• self-esteem
• (positive) affect
• subjective well-being

Question 10

Describe the 5 common behavioral measures

Answer 10

Frequency: number of times per day
Intensity: amount of effort expended 
Duration (time): length of activity 
Mode: type of activity being performed 
Adherence: conforming to a standard of behaviour in a plan

Question 11

Examples of criterion measures

Answer 11

• oxygen uptake
• doubly labelled water
• direct observation

Question 12

Examples of objective measures

Answer 12

device measures

• pedometers
• accelerators
• heart rate monitors

Question 13

Examples of subjective measures

Answer 13

• diaries and logs
• questionnaires
• interviews

Question 14

Sub-types of depression (5)

Answer 14

1. major depressive disorder
2. dysthymic disorder
3. adjustment disorder
4. antenatal and postnatal
5. bi-polar disorder