ew cardio Flashcards
1
Q
Rate control in AF
A
- BB
- Rate limiting CCB = diltiazem
If 1 drug not controlling adequately - Combination of 2; BB, diltiazem, digoxin
2
Q
immediate cardioversion when
A
- <48 hours
- life threatening haemodynamic instability
3
Q
delayed cardioverison when
A
- > 48 hours
- stable
- consider amiodarone before and after to prevent recurrence
- should be anticoagulated for 3 weeks
4
Q
after TIA, AF anticoagulation should…
A
start immediately
5
Q
after acute stroke, AF anticoagulation should…
A
start after 2 weeks
6
Q
cardiac tamponade triad
A
CT = pericardiac fluid accumulation under pressure
Becks triad
- hypotension
- raised JVP
- Muffled heart sounds
7
Q
diagnose IE if
A
- pathologcial criteria positive
- 2 major criteria
- 1 major and 3 minor
- 5 minor
8
Q
Dukes major criteria
A
- +ve blood cultures e.g. 2 +ve showing typical
- endocardial involvement = +ve echo or new regurg
9
Q
Dukes minor criteria
A
- predisposing heart condition or IV drug use
- Micro evidence not reaching major
- Fever >38
- Vascular phenomena
- Immunological phenomena
10
Q
Aortic stenosis murmur
A
- ESM
- radiate to carotids
- Narrow pulse pressure
- Slow rising pulse
11
Q
AR murmur
A
- EDM
- Collapsing pulse
- Wide pulse pressure
- Austin flint in severe
12
Q
MR murmur
A
- PS murmur
- Blowing
- ## S1 quiet, split S2
13
Q
MS murmur
A
- MD
- Loud S1
- opening snap
- malar flush
14
Q
AS causes
A
- Calcification
- Bicuspid AV
- Rheumatic
15
Q
AR causes
A
- Idiopathic
- Bicsupid AV
- Connective tissue
