A+E Flashcards
1
Q
hypocalcaemia causes
A
- hypoparathyroidism
- steroids
- blood transfusion
- hypomagesemia
2
Q
S+S hypocalcaemia
A
- Convulsions
- Arrhythmia
- Tetany
- Numbness
- Trousseau and chvostek
3
Q
diagnosis hypocalcaemia
A
- Ca <2.2
- ECG = prolonged QT
4
Q
Mx hypocalaemia
A
- calcium gluconate 10% 10ml over 10 m
5
Q
hypercalcaemia causes
A
- primary and tertiary hyperpara
- multiple myeloma
- cancer
- sarcoidosis
- thiazide diuretics
6
Q
S+S hypercalcaemia
A
- stones
- bones
- groans
- moans
- muscle tone
7
Q
Dx hypercalcaemia
A
- ca >2.6
- short QT
8
Q
mx hypercalcaemia
A
- 0.9% NaCl 1L 4hrs
9
Q
hypokalaemia symptoms
A
- metabolic alkalosis
- arrhytmia
- muscle weakness
- reduced reflexes
- constipation
10
Q
Hypokalaemia dx
A
- <3.5
- ECG = no T, long PR, long QT
11
Q
mx hypokalaemia
A
- 0.3% KCl 1L 4hrs
12
Q
hyperkalaemia S+S
A
- metabolic acidosis
- Arrhtyhmia
- Muscle weakness
- Diarrhoea
13
Q
Dx hyperkalaemia
A
- > 5.3
- tall tented T waves
14
Q
Mx hyperkalaemia
A
calcium gluconate 10% 30ml 10m
- short term = insulin and glucose, salbutamol
15
Q
bradycardia with evidence of life threatening signs
A
- Atropine 500mcg IV
If no response - Atropine 500mcg IV up to 3mg
- Isoprenaline 5mcg min IV
- Adrenaline 2-10 mcg min IV
- transcutaneous pacing
- Transvenous pacing
16
Q
shockable rhythms are
A
- VF
- Pulseless VT
17
Q
Non shockable are
A
- PEA
- Asystole
18
Q
Mx if shockable
A
- 1shock
- CPR 2 mins
- adrenaline after shock 3 then repeat 3-5 mins
- amiodarone after shocks 3 and 5
19
Q
Mx if non shockable
A
- CPR 2 mins
- adrenaline and repeat every 3-5 minutes
20
Q
what to give in polymorphic VT/TDP
A
magnesium 2g over 10 mins
21
Q
tachycardia with broad QRS, regular rhythm
A
- amiodarone 300mg IV over 10-60m
- unneffective = DC shock up to 3 attempts
22
Q
tachycardia with narrow QRS regular rhythm
A
- vagal manouvres
- Adenosine = 6,12,18
- then verapamil or BB
23
Q
tachy and narrow qrs irregular
A
- BB
- digoxin or amiodarone
24
Q
A
