A+E Flashcards

1
Q

hypocalcaemia causes

A
  • hypoparathyroidism
  • steroids
  • blood transfusion
  • hypomagesemia
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2
Q

S+S hypocalcaemia

A
  • Convulsions
  • Arrhythmia
  • Tetany
  • Numbness
  • Trousseau and chvostek
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3
Q

diagnosis hypocalcaemia

A
  • Ca <2.2
  • ECG = prolonged QT
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4
Q

Mx hypocalaemia

A
  • calcium gluconate 10% 10ml over 10 m
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5
Q

hypercalcaemia causes

A
  • primary and tertiary hyperpara
  • multiple myeloma
  • cancer
  • sarcoidosis
  • thiazide diuretics
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6
Q

S+S hypercalcaemia

A
  • stones
  • bones
  • groans
  • moans
  • muscle tone
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7
Q

Dx hypercalcaemia

A
  • ca >2.6
  • short QT
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8
Q

mx hypercalcaemia

A
  • 0.9% NaCl 1L 4hrs
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9
Q

hypokalaemia symptoms

A
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • arrhytmia
  • muscle weakness
  • reduced reflexes
  • constipation
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10
Q

Hypokalaemia dx

A
  • <3.5
  • ECG = no T, long PR, long QT
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11
Q

mx hypokalaemia

A
  • 0.3% KCl 1L 4hrs
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12
Q

hyperkalaemia S+S

A
  • metabolic acidosis
  • Arrhtyhmia
  • Muscle weakness
  • Diarrhoea
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13
Q

Dx hyperkalaemia

A
  • > 5.3
  • tall tented T waves
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14
Q

Mx hyperkalaemia

A

calcium gluconate 10% 30ml 10m
- short term = insulin and glucose, salbutamol

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15
Q

bradycardia with evidence of life threatening signs

A
  • Atropine 500mcg IV
    If no response
  • Atropine 500mcg IV up to 3mg
  • Isoprenaline 5mcg min IV
  • Adrenaline 2-10 mcg min IV
  • transcutaneous pacing
  • Transvenous pacing
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16
Q

shockable rhythms are

A
  • VF
  • Pulseless VT
17
Q

Non shockable are

A
  • PEA
  • Asystole
18
Q

Mx if shockable

A
  • 1shock
  • CPR 2 mins
  • adrenaline after shock 3 then repeat 3-5 mins
  • amiodarone after shocks 3 and 5
19
Q

Mx if non shockable

A
  • CPR 2 mins
  • adrenaline and repeat every 3-5 minutes
20
Q

what to give in polymorphic VT/TDP

A

magnesium 2g over 10 mins

21
Q

tachycardia with broad QRS, regular rhythm

A
  • amiodarone 300mg IV over 10-60m
  • unneffective = DC shock up to 3 attempts
22
Q

tachycardia with narrow QRS regular rhythm

A
  • vagal manouvres
  • Adenosine = 6,12,18
  • then verapamil or BB
23
Q

tachy and narrow qrs irregular

A
  • BB
  • digoxin or amiodarone
24
Q
A