Evoution Flashcards
based on radiometric dating, what is the age of the Earth?
4.5 billion years old
the estimation of the age of an object by measuring the content of certain radioactive isotopes.
radiometric dating
time it takes for half of the total amount of an objects radioactive isotope to decay.
half life
are atoms of the same shape tha have different numbers of neutrons.
isotope
Which isotopes are best for dating once living specimen, and which are better for rocks? (Carbon 14 and Potassium 40)
Carbon 14 is used to date the fossil of organisms
What have experiments shown scientists about the formation of the building blocks of biomolecules?
that the building blocks can be formed through natural processes
Do changes to the various hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth indicated a flaw in the evolution theory?
No, they are constantly being amended.
ancient rock structure formed by the thin layer of bacteria.
stromatolite
what location is currently the most likely candidate for where life originated on Earth
hypothermal vents
What do scientists think was the first form of genetic material
RNA
what tow advantes could have been provided to the first genetic molecules by being contained in a cell membrane
stable environment (protection), needed material would be kept close by
FWhat two molecules likely appeared after RNA
DNA and proteins
What two properties of RNA make it the most likely first biomolecule
Store both genetic information and cause chemical reactions such as self replication.
Give an example of a “molecular fossil”
ATP
Why do scientists generate different models for how biomolecules could have formed
we can’t go back in time.
What was the first living thing on Earth as seen in the fossil record
Prokaryotes
How did early cyanobacteria affect the Earth’s ecosystem
it released oxygen through photosynthesis
current evidence supports that idea that eukaryotic evolved from what types of organisms
Prokaryotes
What is the name of the theory for eukaryotic cell formation
endosymbiosis
name the organelles that are believed to be symbiotic eubacteria
mitochondria
chloroplast
the concept of endosymbiosis is supported by what four pieces of evidence
- size and structure of both organelles is similar to prokaryotes.
- these tow organelles have a ring of DAN similar to prokaryotes.
- the ribosomes are the same size and structures as prokaryotes.
- They reproduce in a different manner and occur independently.
what are the three types of symbiosis
mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism
what benefit could the mitochondria have by living inside another prokaryote
protection and a nutrient rich environment
how does Parmeckum bursaira maintian a form of symbiotic relationship
stores algae in its body and receives nutrients in return, it carries the algae to areas of sunlight, and shares its own nutrients id dark times.
Multicellular organisms first appeared on Earth how long ago? These organisms are member of what group
700 million years ago, protists
the geologic timeline is a history of the Earth that is divided into chunks based on what types of major events
- Mass extinction
- New species appear
- Climate change
- Geologic event
the process by which species may change over time
evolution
slow and steady change of species over time.
gradualism