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Honors Biology > Benchmark 2 Genetics > Flashcards

Benchmark 2 Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

identify the gametes

A

sperm and egg

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2
Q

How many chromosomes does each gamete contain

A

23

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3
Q

Is it possible for two sperm to fertilize one egg? What would be the result

A

Rare, cells will die.

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4
Q

Gametes develop from parent cells called what?

A

Germ cells

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5
Q

cells that have 2 from each chromosome (gametes)

A

diploid

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6
Q

produce a single a copy of chromosome (body cells)

A

haploid cells

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7
Q

What is meiosis

A

to reduce the number of chromosomes in each of the four new nuclei by half ( creating unique gene combinations)

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8
Q

What is the ultimate goal of meiosis?

A

crossing over genes

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9
Q

At what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase 1

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10
Q

What is the name of the site crossing over?

A

Chiasma

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11
Q

What does a “tetrad” refer to?

A

the homologous chromosomes that are pressed together in prophase 1

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12
Q

considered the father of genetics

A

Gregor Mandel

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13
Q

Why was his work different?

A

he applied basic math

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14
Q

three reasons that pea plants are a good choice for early genetics experiments?

A
  1. Easy grow
  2. They show contrasting traits
  3. Able to be self pollinated, and cross pollinated
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15
Q

What characteristics of pea plants are dominant?

A

Purple flower, yellow seed, round seed, green pod, smooth pod, mid stem flower, tall plant

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16
Q

alleles splitting up during meiosis

A

Law of Segregation

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17
Q

the alleles separate independently of each other

A

Law of Independent Assortment

18
Q

one trait can cover up another trait

A

Law of Dominance

19
Q

Was Mendel’s work respected during his lifetime?

A

No

20
Q

What is the size of order a chromosome, gene, DNA molecule, nucleotide

A

Nucleotide, DNA molecule, gene, chromosome.

21
Q

What % of genetic similarity do we have with chimpanzee?

A

95%

22
Q

the trait that will express

A

dominant

23
Q

the trait that can be represented

A

recessive

24
Q

the actual gene contribution

A

genotype

25
Q

the physical appearance of the trait

A

phenotype

26
Q

has one of each type of gene

A

heterozygous

27
Q

has tow of the same gene

A

homozygous

28
Q

a cross for one trait

A

Monohybrid

29
Q

a cross for two traits

A

dihybrid

30
Q

How do master genes contribute to gene expression?

A

coordinate the activity of the genes

31
Q

What 3 factors can determine how are genes are expressed?

A

weather, nutrition, stress

32
Q

Sickle cell is both good and bad…Why?

A

Than you are immune from Malaria in the tropics. Heterozygous will be protected from sickle cell, and malaria. any other gene contribution you will die either from sickle cell or malaria

33
Q

mutations in what kind of cells can be passed on to offspring and thus affect future generations

A

gametes

34
Q

What does a punnett square predict

A

all the possible offspring of two parents

35
Q

chromosomes become visible. the nuclear envelope breaks down. Crossing - over occurs.

A

Prophase 1

36
Q

pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell.

A

Metaphase 1

37
Q

homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell.

A

Anaphase 1

38
Q

Chromosomes gather at the poles of the cell. the cytoplasm divides.

A

telophase 1 and cytokanesis

39
Q

a new spindle forms around the chromosomes

A

Prophase 2

40
Q

Chromosomes line up at the equator

A

Metaphase 2

41
Q

Centromeres divide. Chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell.

A

Anaphase 2

42
Q

a nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes. The cytoplasm divides

A

telophase 2 and cytokanesis

Honors Biology (7 decks)

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