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Honors Biology > Benchmark 2 > Flashcards

Benchmark 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

discovered the genetic material from one cell can be then up and used by another cell. he called this transformation.

A

Fredrick Griffinth

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2
Q

wanted to know what was causing the cell tor transform when it took up the new genetic material

A

Oswald Avery

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3
Q

conducted another experiment that further supported hte idea that DNA was the real genetic molecule. They flagged proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA of a bacteriophage with radioactie elements.

A

Hershey and Chase

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4
Q

determined the shape of the DNA molecule to be a double helix. They also built the knowledge of other scientists.

A

Watson and Crick

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5
Q

developed high quality X-ray images of DNA

A

Franklin and Wilkins

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6
Q

Have scientists always known that DNA was the genetic material in our cells?

A

No, they had to discover it, they didn’t know why or how DNA worked, they thought it was made out of proteins.

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7
Q

Whose experiment convinced most scientists that DNa must be the true genetic material?

A

Hershey and Chase

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8
Q

Do scientists usually start research programs from scratch or do they usually build their research ideas from those of other scientists?

A

If they are the first ones to try working on it than yes, but scientists continue to build off each others work, so they can all prove and discover that one thing

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9
Q

What is the basic subunit of DNA?

A

nucleotide

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10
Q

Know the four nitrogen bases in DNA and the one different nitrogen base in RNA and be able to name the bases that pair with each other

A

adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine. (RNA) thymine changes to uracil

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11
Q

Know the differences between DNA and RNA

A
  1. DNA is double stranded while RENA is a single strand
  2. DNA has the bas thymine and RNA has uracil in its place
  3. DNA is made of the sugar dioxyribose while RNA is made of the sugar ribose
  4. DNA cannot leave the nucleus, but RNA can.
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12
Q

DNA replication

A

the process of copying the DNA

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13
Q

DNA helicase

A

unzips the DNA strand

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14
Q

DNA polymerase

A

adds complementary nucleotides to each open side. Is able to check and correct any mistakes in the sequence

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15
Q

when DNA is decoded in its loose form its in this structure

A

DNA double helix

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16
Q

the DNA/histone complex is known. (looks like a string of pearls) (histone core are the balls)

A

Chromatin

17
Q

to avoid damaging the DNA it will wrap itself around a complex of proteins

A

Histone Core

18
Q

what the chromatin and the DNA will twist itself into

A

Chromosome

19
Q

Gene

A

a segment of DNa that codes for a particular trait.

20
Q

Which organelle performs protein synthesis?

A

ribosome

21
Q

as american biochemist, figured out the code for the amino aid phenylalanine from DNA

A

Marshall Nirenberg

22
Q

is the process of transferring the information found in the DNA to an RNA molecule. (this happens in the nucleus)

A

Transcription

23
Q

process of a ribosome reading the mRNA strand and constructing the proper chain of Amino Acid. (goes out of hte nucleus to the cytoplasm where it goes to the ribosome)

A

Translation

24
Q

3 bases on te transfer RNA that will bond with the codon

A

Anticodon

25
Q

a sequence of three nucleotides on the messenger RNA

A

Codon

26
Q

is a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of the end of the DNA chain. (Tells the ribosome when to stop)

A

Stop Codon

27
Q

responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA (transfer RNA)

28
Q

How many chromosomes are found in humans?

A

46 or 23 pairs

29
Q

chromosomes that have a pair. The ones that look most alike in size, shape, centromere location, and gene contribution

A

Homologous pairs

30
Q

Why do sperm and egg have half the chromosomes?

A

When these cells fuse together at conception a new human is created with proper number of chromosomes.

31
Q

is one genetic disorder where the chromosomes do not split properly during meiosis. The result is a sperm or egg with tow copies of a particular chromosome. Ex. 21 results in three of the 21st chromosome and is expressed as Downs Syndrome

A

Trisomy

Honors Biology (7 decks)

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