Evolutionary history. Flashcards
Classification order.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Family
Genus
Species.
The 3 domains.
Archaea(extremophile bacteria)
Eukaryotic.
Eubacteria(true bacteria).
-Figured out from rRNA studying.
The 5 kingdoms.
Prokaryotae
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Proctoctista(mostly unicellular and don’t fit into other kingdoms).
Binomial name.
Genus species(underline species).
Species definition.
Individuals that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
Classification definition.
Putting items into groups:
-Hierarchy
-Discrete
-Tentative(can change w/ more info found).
Evidence for closely related species.
-Morphology(outdated)
-DNA sequencing(fingerprinting)
-Comparing shape/structures of a common enzyme.
Convergent evolution.
2 species that look similar but don’t have a recent common ancestor.
Analagous features.
Features that look similar but have evolved independently because of similar habitats.
E.g. Dolphins(mammals) and sharks(fish):
-Fins
-Streamlined
-Propulsive tails.
Happens w/ convergent evolution.
Divergent evolution.
2 species that look different but have a recent common ancestor.
Homologous features.
Features that look different but have a common ancestor due to different habitats.
E.g. Bird’s wings and human arms:
-Pentadactyl limb.
-
Biodiversity definition.
-Number of species(richness)
-Equal number of individuals in each species(evenness).
Factors affecting variation on biodiversity.
Human impact:
-Habitat destruction, decreases
-Deforestation, decreases
-Pollution, decreases
-Climate change, decreases
-Rewilding, increases.
Extinction, decreases.
Geography:
-Closer to equator, increases
-Lower altitude, increases.
Simpson’s diversity index.
-Between 1 and 0(lower)
-Tells us how diverse an area is
1 - the sum of n(n-1)/N(N-1)
-n=total number of organisms
-N=number of individuals in each species.
Polymorphism definition.
The presence of more than 1 type of organism in a single species(multiple alleles for a gene).
