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Level 2 > Evolution of cooperation > Flashcards

Evolution of cooperation Flashcards

1
Q

Which science has a lot to say about behv?

A

Biology

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2
Q

What is altruism??

A

A behv that benefits a recipient and that has direct fitness costs to an actor

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3
Q

What question does Jean ask to help understand altruism?

A

Would you take a bullet for your dog?!

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4
Q

Where do terms differs?

A

Biology, social sciences and everyday conversation

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5
Q

What definitions do we take when looking at altruism?

A

Biology

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6
Q

What is an actor in biology?

A

Individual doing the behaviour

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7
Q

What is a recipient?

A

The individual affected by the behv of an actor

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8
Q

What is social behv?

A

A behv that has fitness consequences for both actor and a recipient

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9
Q

What is an example of social behv?

A

Actor - Person shots someone and steals their wallet
Recipient - Person who got shot/wallet stolen

What is this? Social Behv

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10
Q

What is cooperation?

A

Any behv that benefits the recipient
a net gain in their fitness

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11
Q

If the effect on actor is + AND
The effect on recipient is +

A

Mutually beneficial

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12
Q

If effect on actor is + AND
the effect on the recipient is -

A

Selfish

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13
Q

If the effect on actor is - AND
effect on recipient +

A

Altruistic
Superman?! makes for a good film!

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14
Q

If the effect on actor is - AND
effect on recipient is -

A

Spiteful

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15
Q

Actor/Recipient

A

+/+ Win win - mutually beneficial
-/+ Altruism - sacrifice to benefit someone else

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16
Q

Cleaner fish plucking parasites/fungi out of the mouth of another fish

A

+/+ !!
Cleaner fish = actor
Fish = recipient

Cleaner fish gets food - gets enough to eat
Fish gets rid of parasites - avoid injury & disease

17
Q

Wolf pair bonds with another wolf & helps her hunt &/or rear offspring

A

+/+
Actor = male wolf
Recipient = female wolf

Male = reproduction - passing on his genes and getting enough to eat!
Female = reproduction/enough to eat

18
Q

Lassie - throw herself in front of a bullet

A

-/+
actor = lassie
recipient = timmy

Lassie = dead :(
Timmy = survival

19
Q

How does social behv play out in populations??

A

They all get along fine it’s woodstock. no significant price for either type

20
Q

What happens to the population if a +/- dog comes in??

A

the +/- dog wins and breed n

21
Q

How can the -/+ guys do well??

A

Protecting young - loudly feigning injury to ensure survival of offspring

22
Q

What is inclusive fitness

A

It’s not just about ones direct fitness, it’s about protecting the genes in related animals. It’s a net gain taking a bullet to lose 1 copy to protect 4 copies

23
Q

Who was WD Hamilton

A

UK Biologist who was a significant contributor to evolutionary biology and natural selection re behv

24
Q

Who was WD Hamilton

A

UK Biologist who was a significant contributor to evolutionary biology and natural selection re behv

25
Q

How can it be in an actors benefit to we have a cost to an actor?

A

Direct costs BUT outweighed by indirect benefits

26
Q

How does this explain you taking a bullet for your dog?

A

Mechanisms get it right enough of the time that they evolve.
Care of offspring misfire

27
Q

What is evolution in regards to a timescale

A

Massive! Eons of time!!

28
Q

What is behv re timescales?

A

Here and now!

29
Q

How can the capacity to learn be described re evolution

A

An adaptation to learn in real time that has evolved

30
Q

What parallel can we draw between behv & evolution?

A

Gene selection -> reinforcement/punishment of genes - with the genes that work getting stronger as they are passed through the population

31
Q

How do animals know they are related and therefore indirect benefits are relevant?

A

Genetic cues
Prior association
Limited dispersal

32
Q

What are genetic cues?

A

Being able to detect an individual with genes closely, moderately and very closely related

33
Q

What is limited dispersal?

A

Social groups not straying far fm each other e.g. trowbridge!!! therefore assumption anyone close is related to some degree

34
Q

What is prior association (shared environment)

A

People you grew up wt are treated as related - sibling like reactions

Level 2 (23 decks)

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