Evolution Day-9

Question 1

What are the 2 ways eukaryotes share genes horizontally?

Answer 1

Transposons- The gene moves from one location to another (purple corn)

Genome Fusion- (the ring of life) between different prokaryote species when two symbiotic organisms become endosymbiotic. When one species is taken inside another’s cytoplasm

Question 2

What are the 3 ways prokaryotes share genes horizontally

Answer 2

1. Transduction- bacterial DNA transferred by viruses, phage
2. Transformation- naked DNA taken up by becateria
3. Conjugation- DNA transfer between bacterial cells (cells actually touching each other)

Question 4

What is a paraphyletic clade group?

Answer 4

Consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of its descendants. Missing one whole group. Single common ancestor

Question 5

What is a clade?

Answer 5

A clade is a group of related organisms that share a common ancestor, often labeled based on a shared trait that first developed in that common ancestor

Question 6

What is a monophyletic clade?

Answer 6

A monophyletic clade is all sister taxa and their common ancestor

Question 7

What is a basal taxon?

Answer 7

A basal taxon diverges early in the history of a group and originates near the common ancestor of the group.

Question 8

What is a common ancestor?

Answer 8

It is the trunk of the classic phylogenic tree.

Question 9

What is a polyphyletic clade?

Answer 9

A polyphyletic clade is taxa that are from two different clades, missing sister taxa and have multiple non-common ancestors