Evolution-Day 1 Flashcards
What did Carolus Linnaeus propose?
- He believed God created all things
- Taught that order exists in all living things, not evolution
- Grouping of similar species
He created the Binnomeal Chart and classification of animals
What did James Hutton propose?
He believed in gradualism. Gradualism- the Earth’s geological change is long and slow.
Describe the Tortoises of The Galapagos
Darwin collected many specimens all over the world
His main ideas originated about Tortoise shells, not finches
*Some tortoises made it to an island, they flourished and depending on which island they went to, their shell changed
*These led to new species (species differed from island to island)
What is descent with modification?
This is how Darwin defined evolution: that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.
Explain variation
- Variations exists in populations
- Generation through mutation
- Disseminated through sexual recombination (crossing over in P1 of Meiosis)
All new variation can only exist from mutation
Explain what fitness means.
Fit means to be able to pass genes to future generations
NOT fit means NOT being able to pass genes to future generations
Describe “Natural Theology” or “Creationism”
Natural Theology teaches that plants and animals were created as a separate species, to be ruled over by man, and that man was created in the image of God. The Earth is less than 10,000 years old. -Earth made in 4004 BC -Species are perfect, permanent and unchanging
What did Charles Lyell believe?
Uniformitarianism- all living things have changed because of slow gradual changes, things are still changing slowly
Believed the Earth was 4.6 billion years old
Who was Alfred Wallace?
Alfred Wallace was a fellow naturalist that wrote papers on natural selection, but had less evidence than Darwin, so they gave credit to Darwin for it.
*Collected and sold butterflies
*His voyage was to the Amazons and Malaysia
Name the 3 principles of natural selection
- Most characteristics are inherited from parents (Meiosis)
- More offspring are produced than can survice (Malthus)
- survival & reproduction are limited by available resources (survival of the fittest) - Offspring vary in their inherited characteristics
*Darwin argued that natural selection was the inevitable outcome of these 3 principles that operate in nature
What did “de Buffon” propose?
He noticed that there was variation in animals in different climates. Believed that species had to have changed over time.
What are the “rules” of natural selection?
1. Individuals do not change, populations do
2. Natural Selection does not create, it selects beased on existing variation
3. Natural Selection is time & place dependent
4. Fitness is determined by ability to survive and reproduce
5. Adaptations that are beneficial now may not be in the future
Who was Darwin?
Considered a great naturalist
Originally trained to be a preacher
Born 1809
Wrote the “Origin of Species”
His voyage was of the HMS Beagle, mostly South America and the south of the world in general
Darwin collected many specimens all over the world
The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
by Darwin
This book only talked about animals, not humans
Describe Darwin’s observations of the finches of the galapagos?
Darwin observed that beak shape varied among finch spcies. He postulated that the beak of an ancestral species had adapted over time to equip the finches to acquire different food sources.
